- Azotobacter is a
free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium, which is used as a biofertilizer
in the cultivation of most crops.
- Azotobacter are
usually motile, oval, or spherical bacteria, form thick-walled cysts,
and may produce large quantities of capsular slime. Beyond Azotobacter’s
use as a model it has biotechnological applications. A couple examples
are its use for alginate production and for nitrogen production in batch
fermentations. Azotobacter are gram-negative bacteria.
- Azotobacter species
are Gram-negative, aerobic soil-dwelling bacteria. There are around six
species in the genus, some of which are motile by means of peritrichous
flagella, others are not. They are typically polymorphic, i.e. of
different sizes and shapes. Their size of the cells ranges from 2-10 µm
long and 1-2 µm wide.
- There are four
important species of Azotobacter viz. A.Chroococcum, A.agilis, A.paspali
and A.vinelandii of which A.chroococcum is most commonly found in our
soils.
- Azotobacter is found
on neutral to alkaline soils, in aquatic environments, in the plant
rhizosphere and phyllosphere. A.chroococcum is the most common species
of Azotobacter present in the soil.
- In Indian soils, the
population of Azotobacter is not more than 10 thousand to 1 lakh/g of
soil. The Population of Azotobacter is mostly influenced by other
micro-organisms present in soil.
- Azotobacter produces
some substances which check the plant pathogens such as Alternaria,
Fusarium and Helminthosporium. Hence Azotobacter acts as a biological
control agent.
- Azotobacter is
multiplied on a large scale by two ways viz. Fermenter and
Shaker.
- Azotobacter
naturally fixes atmospheric nitrogen in the rhizosphere. There are
different strains of Azotobacter each has varied chemical, biological
and other characters.
- Besides, nitrogen
fixation, Azotobacter also produces, Thiomin, Riboflavin, Nicotin, indol
acitic acid and giberalin. When Azotobacter is applied to seeds, seed
germination is improved to a considerable extent, so also it controls
plant diseases due to above substances produced by
Azotobacter.
- A plant needs
nitrogen for its growth and Azotobacter fixes atmospheric nitrogen
non-symbiotically. Therefore, all plants, trees, vegetables, get
benefited. However, especially cereals, vegetables, fruits, trees,
sugarcane, cotton, grapes, banana, etc. are known to get addition
nitrogen requirements from Azotobacter. Azotobacter also increases
germination of seeds. Seeds having less germinating percent if
inoculated can increase germination by 20-30%.
- The current trends
indicate that there is a steady increase in the demand in the Southern
states except Andhra Pradesh, Western States and Madhya Pradesh and
Rajasthan.
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General
- Basic
Information
- Microbial Biorealm -
Azotobacter
- Introduction To
Azotobacter
- Soil
Microbiology
- The Bacteria
Azotobacter, Beggiatoa,and Desulfovibrio in the Surtsey soil
- Role of nitrogen in
the biosphere
Production
- Development And
Germination Of the Azotobacter Cyst
- Growth and
Production of Azotobacter
- Growth Of
Azotobacter vinelandii on soil nutrients
- Large scale
production of Azotobacter
- Occurrence of
Azotobacter spp in some polish soils
- Effect of growth
substrate on The Respiration of Azotobacter
Functions
- Cloning of
ferredoxin I gene from Azotobacter vinelandii using synthetic
oligonucleotide probes
- Genes required for
rapid expression of nitrogenase activity in Azotobacter
vinelandii
- Nitrogenase of
Azotobacter chroococcum
- Pyruvate
dehydrogenase from Azotobacter vinelandii
- Contamination of
Azotobacter chroococcum by Gram-negative Bacterial Rods
- Azotobacter
vinelandii Nitrogenase
- Control of Diauxic
Growth of Azotobacter vinelandii on Acetate and Glucose
Species
Information
- List of Microbial
Genera: Azotobacter (Bacteria)
- Azotobacter
vinelandii
- Capsular
Polysaccharide Of Azotobacter agilis
- Growth of
Azotobacter chroococcum
- Phospholipids of
Azotobacter vinelandii
- Regulation of
Poly-P-hydroxybutyrate Metabolism in Azotobacter beijerinckii
- Proteins of Azotobacter vinelandii
Database
Company
Profiles
- Kumar Krishi
Mitra Bioproducts
- Gujarat State
Fertilizers & Chemicals Limited
- HiMedia
- Microbax
- SOM Phytopharma
(India) Limited
Project and Consultants
- Azotobacter
vinelandii genome project
- Bioinformatics
Genome Projects
- Model Bankable
Projects- Biofertilizers
- Mitcon
Consultancy
- Prof. Dr. Dilek
Sanin
- Wilbur H.
Campbell
- Carl
Bernofsky
- Daniel Vartan
DerVartanian
- Yong-Cheol Park,
Ph.D.
- Gunindra N.
Chattopadhyay
- Randy D. Ralph,
MLIS, Ph.D
- Robert
Jones
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Applications
- Production of
extra-cellular polymer in Azotobacter
- Isolation,
Sequencing, and Mutagenesis of the nifF Gene Encoding Flavodoxin from
Azotobacter vinelandii
- Pyridine Nucleotide
Transhydrogenase from Azotobacter vinelandii
- Detoxification of
mercury and organomercurials by nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria
- Biosynthesis of
Alginiic Acid by Azotobacter vinelandii
Market
- Agrobased
Industry
- Green input
market-spatial & temporal trends
- Organic farming: a
high-value enterprise
- India's future lies
in organic farming
- IFFCO at a
Glance
- Reclaiming Mines:
India
Patent
- Antiammonia
azotobacter and the use thereof
- Method and Apparatus
for producing organic fertilizer with the use of Nitrogen Fixing
Bacillus
- Mutant Strains of
Azotobacter Vinelandii
- Azotobacter
Beijerinckii
- Polysaccharide
Producing Process Using Protease and Azotobacter
Technology
- Mitcon
Technology
- Bio-Technology
- Liquid
Biofertilizers
- Technology
Offer
- Blooming Blossoms
Technology
- Promoting
Bio-fertilizers in Indian Agriculture
- Rural
Technology
- Technology
Assessment, Refinement and Transfer
Report
- Annual Report
2001-2003
- New Industrial
Possibilities- Dharmapuri report
- Annual Report
2005-2006
- Biotechnology and
Indian Economy
- Microbial
Biofertilizers
- Biofertilizers in
Malaysian Agriculture
- FNCA Biofertilizer
Project Report
Machinery
Suppliers
- Acmas Technocracy
(Pvt) Ltd
- Analytical Balance
Suppliers
- Autoclave
Suppliers
- Deep Freezer
Supplier
- Fermentor
Supplier
- Incubator Shaker
Supplier
- Structure Probe,
Inc
- Miscellaneous lab
equipment and suppliers
- Microscope
Supplier
- Toshibha
Suppliers And
Buyer
- Suppliers of
Azotobacter
- Suppliers List Of
Azotobacter
- Buyer of
Azotobacter
Material Safety
Data Sheet And Guidelines
- Valtrex Caplets Data
Sheet
- Micotil 300 Safety
Data Sheet
- Vitormone Safety
Data Sheet
- Recombinant Safety
Guidelines
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