- Internal sizing of
paper, most paper types must have some water-resistance in order to have
a specific writing quality and / or printability.
- Until 1980 mainly a
rosin in combination with alum was used. When the paper industry started
using chalk instead of to china clay as filler, the paper chemistry had
to switch to a neutral process.
- Today mainly AKD
(alkyl ketene dimer) and ASA ( alkenyl succinic anhydride) are
used.
- Internal sizing
chemicals used in papermaking at the wet end are ASA, AKD and rosin.
- By making the paper
web more hydrophobic, the sizing agents influence dewatering and
retention of fillers and fibers in the paper sheet. Next to paper
quality, internal sizing agents' main effect is on runability of the
paper machine.
- Alkyl Ketene Dimmer
(AKD) also called AKD wax and Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride (ASA) are wax
like chemicals.
- Both AKD and ASA are
used as sizing chemicals for paper.
- Due to changes in
paper manufacturing technologies the sizing process is changed to
alkaline/neutral sizing from
acidic sizing.
- AKD and ASA are the
main neutral sizing chemicals.
- Sizing additives may be
added through the wet end (internal sizing) or applied to the surface of
the paper (surface sizing).
- There is a definitive trend
in the industry toward surface sizing applications that is mostly
related to significant improvements in size press technology such as
speed sizers, which offer good runnability and allow for good
economics.
- The most important sizing
products are still rosin sizes, AKD, ASA used for internal sizing and
styrene-maleic anhydride (SMA), polyurethanes and starches used mainly
as surface sizes.
- Rosin-based chemicals bind
rather than permanently bond to the solids in the paper.
- In contrast, synthetic
alkylketenedimer (AKD) wax and alkenylsuccinic-anhydride (ASA) react
with hydroxyl groups to form permanent chemical bonds.
- ASA reacts faster while AKD
sizing develops slowly, sometimes off-machine. Reactive sizing is now
standard for woodfree paper production.
- AKD and ASA share the market
in North America, while AKD is used predominantly in Europe.
- At present, alkaline
processes are used to produce 20% of the paper and paperboard made in
the United States.
- Alkenyl ketene dimers and
alkenyl succinic anhydride are synthetic sizing agents that are
generally used under neutral or slightly alkaline papermaking
conditions.
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General Information
- Paper Sizing
information
- Sizing information
sheet
- Sizing
Process
- AKD sizing behavior of
high-bulk papers prepared with fatty acid diamide salts
- Alkaline Sizing for fine
paper
- Binary sizing with AKD for
manufacturing MG Products
- Mathematical analysis of
coated paper production process
- ASA Optimisation - Control
of Particle Size, Stability and Hydrolysis
- AKD and ASA model surfaces:
Preparation and characterization
- On the internal sizing
mechanisms of paper with AKD and ASA related to surface chemistry,
wettability and friction
Patent &
Technology
- Degraded hydrophobic,
particulate starches and their use in paper sizing
- Paper sizing
- Paper size and paper sizing
process
- Paper sizing composition
- Chemical compositions useful
as paper sizing agents and method of making same
- Determination of AKD sizing
agents in paper making systems by gas chromatography
Functions
- Influence of the alkyl
ketene dimmer (AKD) sizes on the furnish behaviour and paper
properties
- Paper board as a substrate
for extrusion coating
- Optimization of ASA
emulsification in internal sizing of paper and board
- Successful trials and
optimization of ASA Sizing
- An experience of alkaline
sizing with AKD
- AKD Sizing
Company
Profiles
- Company from China
- Company from India
- Company from Iran
- Company from
Netherland
- Company from Pune
- Company from UK
- Company from North
America
Consultancy &
Plant
- Consultancy from
Australia
- Consultancy from
America
- Consultancy from New
Delhi
- Consultancy from New
Jersy
- Consultancy from
BNConsulting
- Consultancy from USA
- Another consultancy from
USA
- Plant from Assam
Product
- VERSIZE-DRP (Neutral Sizing
Agent)
- MPM Technical sheet
- MSD Technical sheet
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Studies
- A study of AKD size
retention, reaction and sizing efficiency
- Optimizing alkaline sizing
in sugar cane bagasse paper recycling
- Paper's resistance to
wetting - A review of interval sizing chemicals and their effects
- A study of how surface
wetting may affect the coating layer when coating paper
Application
- Mini-Encyclopedia of
Papermaking Wet-End Chemistry
- Developments in papermaking
using alkaline sizing in mix agro furnish a mill experience
- Paper coating
chemicals
- Paper quality improvement
options and efective ways of neutral/alkaline sizing of indigneous
pulps
- Rosin sizing under neutral
alkaline papermaking conditions
- Alkaline Sizing Applications
Surge Ahead
- The use of alkenyl succinic
anhydride for sizing recycled fibres
Project &
Report
- AKD/ASA-Paper sizing
chemicals
- Alkaline paper making an
overview
- Alkaline sizing & our
mills experience
- IPPTA and seminar workshops
on "Wet end chemistry with special emphasis on neutral sizing/alkaline
sizing
- Responding to the PCC
challenge
- Recent developments in paper
making chemicals
- Printing papers : sizing and
its role
- Sizing Problems
- Alkaline and neutral sizing
trends
Suppliers
- Paper sizing chemicals
suppliers
- Suppliers and manufacturers
of Paper sizing chemicals
- Selling leads of paper
sizing chemicals
- Exporters of paper sizing
chemicals
Raw Material
Suppliers
- Alkyl ketene dimer
suppliers
- Alkenyl Succinic Anhydrides
suppliers
- Suppliers of Alkenyl
Succinic Anhydrides
- Alkyl Ketene Dimer suppliers
and manufacturers
Equipment
Suppliers
- Distillation Equipment
suppliers
- Selling leads of
Distillation Equipment
- Filter suppliers
- Glass lined exporters
- SS reaction vessels selling
leads
- SS reaction vessels
suppliers
Ordering Information |