- Glucosamine (C6H13NO5) is
an amino sugar that is an important precursor in the biochemical
synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids. Glucosamine is commonly
used as a treatment for osteoarthritis, although its acceptance as a
medical therapy varies.
- As a dietary supplement,
glucosamine occurs in three possible forms: as glucosamine
hydrochloride, glucosamine sulfate (the most commonly studied), and
N-acetyl glucosamine. The raw material for glucosamine supplements has
historically been derived from extraction of chitin, a component of
shellfish (shrimp, crab, and lobster).
- D-Glucosamine is made
naturally in the form of glucosamine-6-phosphate, and is the biochemical
precursor of all nitrogen-containing sugars . Specifically,
glucosamine-6-phosphate is synthesized from fructose- 6-phosphate and
glutamine as the first step of the hexosamine biosynthesis
pathway.
- Oral glucosamine is
commonly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis.
- The principal sources of
human exposure to glucosamine products occur from the ingestion of
dietary supplements and sports beverages. These products are intended to
treat or prevent degenerative joint diseases, chronic conditions that
increase with age and are common in athletes.
- Glucosamine is the
principal component of O-linked and N-linked glycosaminoglycans (sialic
acid, hyaluronan, keratan sulfate, heparan sulfate, dermatan sulfate,
chondroitin sulfate). Glycosaminoglycans form the matrix of all
connective tissue. Glucosamine is also the precursor for the
biosynthesis of all the hexosamines that will form sialic acids and
proteoglycans.
- Glucosamine sulfate has
several actions. It serves as a precursor for, and inhibits the
degradation of, proteoglycans; it rebuilds experimentally induced
cartilaginous damage; and it has chondroprotective and antiarthritic
effects.
- Glucosamine sulfate has
very mild anti-inflammatory and antireactive effects on edema-provoking
agents including carrageenan, dextran,acetic acid and formalin.
- The annual cost of
glucosamine sulphate is comparable with that of COX-2 selective
inhibitors, however if the 550,000 patients with knee OA were to receive
this drug in accordance with the recommended dose regimen, the annual
cost to the NHS would be approximately £200 million.
- Troika Pharma, which has
a substantial market share in the open-heart surgery injectables with
its established brands such as Dopicine, Prucide and Mynate, is
currently planning the launch of another version of the Glucosamine
tablet - Cartilamine Florelease, which is recommended for the patients
who are in recovery stage.
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General
- Glucosamine
- Glucosamine
History
- Glucosamine Uses
- Glucosamine
Sulphate
- Glucosamine Sulfate:
Pharmacology
- Glucosamine, Chondroitin
and Joint Health
- Glucosamine
Overview
- Glucosamine and
Chondroitin Sulfate
- Scientific Evidence for
Glucosamine
- A Case for
Glucosamine
- Chemical
Selection
Production
- N-Acetyl-DGlucosamine
Fermentation
- Glucosamine
Process
- Preparation of
Glucosamine Salts
- Process of Glucosamine
Sulfate Potassium Chloride
- Preparation of
Glucosamine Hydrochloride
Technology
- Glucosamine Sulphate for
Pain Relief and Disease Modification in Osteoarthritis
- New Glucosamine
Ingredient
- New Source for
Glucosamine
- Solution of N-Acetyl
Glucosamine
- Treatment of
Osteoarthritis
- Glucosamine
HCl
Products
- Complex Flexicose
- Glucosamine Joint Liquid
For Horses
- Glucosamine
Sulfate
- Glucosamine
Hydrochloride
- N-Acetyl
Glucosamine
- Glucosamine and
Chondroitin Tablets for Pills
Applications
- Antitumor Activities of
D-Glucosamine and its Derivatives
- Production of Microbially
Modified Cellulose
- Effectiveness of
Glucosamine Ingestion
- Induction of EAE and
Glucosamine Treatment
- Glutamine Metabolism to
Glucosamine
- Immunosuppressive Effects
of Glucosamine
- N-Butyryl Glucosamine
Increases Matrix Gene Expression by Chondrocytes
- Protein
Glycosylation
- Glucosamine Inhibition of
ICAM-1 Production
- Long-Term Effects of
Glucosamine Sulphate on Osteoarthritis Progression
- Diacerein Versus
Glucosamine in Rat Model of Osteoarthritis
- Glucosamine Sulphate in
Osteoarthritis
- Bioavailability of
Glucosamine in Rat
- N-Acetyl Glucosamine
Prevents Chondrocyte Activation
- Production of
N-Acetylneuraminic acid from N-Acetyl Glucosamine
- Polyvalent Dendrimer
Glucosamine Conjugates Prevent Scar Tissue Formation
- Treating BHK Cells with
Glucosamine
- Glucosamine
Chondroitin 3
- Induction of Insulin
Resistance by Glucosamine
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Project
- Marine
Bioactivity
- Glucosamine Research
Study
- Investment of
Chitin-Chitosa and Glucosamine Project
- Extramural
Projects
Consultant
- Serita D. Frey
- Expert Consulting
and Expert Witness Services
- Dr.
Janet Maccaro
- Rajeswari
Ravindranath
- Richard Vance
Wolfenden
Hazards, Safety and
Guidelines
- Glucosamine Side
Effects
- Dietary
Supplements
- Effectiveness and Safety
Related to the Use of Glucosamine in Patients with
Osteoarthritis
- Glucosamine
Chondroitin
- Glucosamine
Hydrochloride
- Glucosamine for
Arthritis
- Guide to Glucosamine
Products
- Glucosamine
Product Guide
Reports
- Review of Articular
Cartilage Pathology
- Do Glucosamine and
Chondroiitiin Sulphate Work
- Troika Pharma Launches
Glucosamine Preparations for Osteoarthritis
- JAMA Report on
Glucosamine and Chondroitin
- Glucosamine Easing
Arthritis Pain
- Ibuprofen Versus
Glucosamine Sulfate
- Asthma Exacerbation
Associated with Glucosamine-Chondroitin Supplement
- Glucosamine Effects in
Humans
Market
- Kyowa Hakko to
Market Cargill's Vegetarian Glucosamine
- Glucosamine Price
Rises Set to Boost Market for Quality Products
- Glucosamine
Studies Encourage Joint Health Industry
- European
Glucosamine Market
- Glucosamine and
Chondroitin Sulfate Market
- Oral Joint
Supplement Products Marketed to Horse Owners
- Nutritional Health
Supplements
Manufacturers,
Suppliers, Exporters and Importers
- Glucosamine Manufacturers
and Exporters
- Glucosamine - Suppliers /
Distributors /Traders
- Herbal Extracts
Exporters
- Chinese Suppliers for
D-Glucosamine hydrochloride
- Worldwide Glucosamine
Manufacturers and Suppliers
- Glucosamine
Sellers
- Glucosamine Sulphate
Exporters in India
- Glucosamine Exporters and
Distributors
- Glucosamine Suppliers
- Rosemary's
Health Foods Glucosamine
- Glucosamine
Importers
Company
Profiles
- Zhejiang Aoxing
Biotechnology Co., Ltd
- Fraken Biochem
- Kraeber & Co.
GmbH
- Norwegian
Chitosan
- SORM Corporation Limited
- Yaizu Suisankagaku
Industry
- Taizhou Candorly Sea Biochemical & Health Products
Co., Ltd
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