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Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), also known as lye,
caustic soda and sodium hydrate, is a caustic
metallic base.
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Caustic soda forms a strong
alkaline solution when dissolved in a solvent
such as water.
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Pure sodium hydroxide is a white
solid; available in pellets, flakes, granules
and as a 50% saturated solution.
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It is deliquescent and readily absorbs carbon
dioxide from the air, so it should be stored in
an airtight container.
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It is very soluble in
water with liberation of heat. It also dissolves
in ethanol and methanol, though it exhibits
lower solubility in these solvents than
potassium hydroxide. It is insoluble in ether
and other non-polar solvents.
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A sodium hydroxide
solution will leave a yellow stain on fabric and
paper.
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Sodium hydroxide is completely ionic, containing
sodium ions and hydroxide ions. The hydroxide
ion makes sodium hydroxide a strong base which
reacts with acids to form water and the
corresponding salts.
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Sodium hydroxide slowly
reacts with glass to form sodium silicate, so
glass joints and stopcocks exposed to NaOH have
a tendency to "freeze". Flasks and glass-lined
chemical reactors are damaged by long exposure
to hot sodium hydroxide, and the glass becomes
frosted.
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Sodium hydroxide does not attack iron
or copper, but other metals such as aluminium,
zinc and titanium are attacked rapidly.
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Liquid caustic soda is manufactured by
electrolysis of purified and concentrated brine
using mercury, diaphragm or membrane cell
technology.
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The principal method used for the
manufacture of sodium hydroxide is electrolytic
dissociation of sodium chloride. During this
process chlorine gas is produced as a co
product. Another method used for its manufacture
is a soda- lime process. In this process a
concentrated solution of sodium carbonate (soda)
is reacted with calcium hydroxide (slaked lime).
Calcium carbonate precipitates out, leaving a
sodium hydroxide solution.
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Modern methods of sodium hydroxide manufacture
use electrolysis, the process of converting ions
into elements by means of an electric current.
The process can still be called an oxidation,
since the negative charge on the chlorine ion is
removed by causing it to come into contact with
the anode of the cell.
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Sodium hydroxide is used to neutralize acids and
make sodium salts, for example in petroleum
refining it is used to remove sulfuric and
organic acids.
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It is also used to hydrolyze fats
in the production of soaps, and in the
manufacture of rayon, textiles, and cellophane.
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Other uses include the manufacturing of plastics
by dissolving casein, in reclaiming rubber by
dissolving out the fabric, peeling fruits and
vegetables in food production and in vegetable
oil refining, and etching and electroplating.
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Sodium hydroxide also has applications in
chemical and metal processing, the pulp and
paper industry, disinfection, and to dehorn
cattle.
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Caustic soda is used in a wide variety of
industrial applications. It is used as a
reactant in the manufacture of other sodium
compounds which themselves may be intermediate
or end-use products, such as sodium hypochlorite
which is used as a household bleach and
disinfectant and sodium phenolate which is used
in antiseptics and for the manufacture of
Aspirin.
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It is used in the manufacturing process
of soaps and surfactants for used in soap
powders and also in the textile industry to
remove contaminants, as a bleach in the
treatment of scoured cloth and to improve luster
and dye absorption.
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Caustic soda is also heavily traded, especially
in aqueous form. The United States routinely
exports about 10–15% of its production. The
Middle East exports about 50% of its caustic.
Some of the bigger importing countries are
Australia, Jamaica and Surinam, which are among
the leading producers of aluminum (a leading use
for caustic soda).
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The chlor-alkali industry is in the profitable
phase of the commodity cycle, with demand rising
in 2004, and prices rising considerably in
2004–2005.
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The competitive advantages of the
United States in chlor-alkali production have
largely vanished with the steep increase in
energy prices, and so it is expected that little
new capacity will be built to support
export-oriented facilities.
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Globally, there is
relatively little new capacity coming on stream
in the next few years, except in China, which
should lead to attractive industry profitability
at least through 2006, and may prompt producers
in all regions to reinvest again in the
business.
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Demand for caustic soda in chemical production
is strong led by propylene oxide, polycarbonates
and epoxies in the organics sector and calcium
hypochlorite, sulfur chemicals and titanium
dioxide among the inorganics.
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Direct
applications, which account for more than half
of the total caustic market, are steady.
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General Information
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Sodium Hydroxide
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Properties
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Sodium Hydroxide &
Potassium Hydroxide
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Physical Properties of Sodium Hydroxide
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Caustic Soda
Products
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Caustic soda
technical liquid
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Caustic Soda Lye
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Solid Caustic Soda Micropearls
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PELS Caustic Soda
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Caustic Soda Prills
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Sodagrain
Material Safety Data Sheet
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Caustic Soda
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Pels® Caustic Soda Beads
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Drilling Mud Additive
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Caustic Soda Liqour
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Sodium hydrate
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Caustic Soda Solution
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Soda Lye
Technology
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Chlor-Alkali Technology
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Alumina Technology Roadmap
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Emerging Techniques
-
Pollution Prevention Technologies in Bleaching
Operations
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Technical Directory
Patent
-
Electrolytic Production of Chlorine and Caustic
Soda
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Method for treating mine water using caustic
soda
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Process for the Manufacture of Caustic Soda
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Process for Producing Chlorine and Caustic Soda
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Removal of Chlorate from Caustic Soda
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Vertical Diaphragm type Apparatus for Caustic
Soda Production
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Purification of Caustic Soda
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Process for Purifying Sodium Hydroxide
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Process for the manufacture of Sodium Hydroxide
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Process for the Regeneration of Sodium Hydroxide
from Sodium Sulphide
Production Process
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Sodium Hydroxide Extraction From Caustic
Leaching Solutions
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Liquid Caustic Soda - Mercury - Production
Process
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Production Process
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Caustic Soda Production
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Manufacturing Process
- Caustic Soda
Production
Process
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Solid Caustic Soda Production Process
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Process Description
Plant Details
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Plant
in Thailand
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Chlorine Caustic Soda Plants
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Plant in Karaikal
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Expression of Interest (EOI) for Setting up
Caustic Soda Plant
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Plant in Gujarat
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Caustic Soda Plant
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Caustic Soda Production Plant
Projects
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Caustic Soda/PVC/Soda Ash Production Project
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Caustic Soda Manufacture
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Reduction in consumption of electricity by
recovering soda from paper manufacturing process
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Expression of Interest (EOI) for Setting up
Caustic Soda Plant
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Caustic Soda Plant
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Replacement of Single Stage Evaporator with
3-stage Evaporator in Caustic Soda Recovery
Plant
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Caustic Soda and Utility Engineering Renovation
Market
-
Caustic soda: Outlook for Asia
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Bihar Caustic enters
market with rights issue
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Caustic Soda Demands Set to Rise
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World Consumption
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The Demand For Caustic Soda And Chlorine Is
Forecast To Rise
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Ecological and economic profile of the
caustic-chlorine industry
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The Global Scenario
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Long-term market reactions to changes in demand
for NaOH
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Market Outlook
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Volatile caustic soda mart starts to settle down
Applications
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Applications
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Caustic Soda Applications
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Caustic Soda Chemistry and End Product Uses
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Application Areas
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Eucalyptus Soap
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Uses
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Company Profiles
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Company in Ahmedabad
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Company in Tamil Nadu
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Company in Michigan
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Company in
Vadodara
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Company in Delhi
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Company in North America
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Another Company in Delhi
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Company in Haryana
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Company in Mumbai
Machinery
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Centrifuge Pumps Suppliers
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Electric Winch and Elevator Manufacturer
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Evaporators
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Rotary Table Feeders Suppliers
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Rotary Feeder Suppliers
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Polishing Filter
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Reaction Tank
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Rotary vacuum filter
Suppliers
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Rotary drum slaker Suppliers
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Storage Tank Suppliers
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Vacuum filter Suppliers
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Vertical Shaft Kiln
Raw Material Suppliers
-
Alpha
Cellulose
-
Alpha
Cellulose Suppliers
-
Barium Carbonate
Suppliers
-
Flocculants Manufacturers & Suppliers
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Hydrochloric Acid Suppliers
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Ion Exchange Resins Suppliers
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Ion Exchange Resin Manufacturers & Suppliers
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Supplier
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Sodium Carbonate Manufacturers & Suppliers
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Sodium Chloride Suppliers
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Sodium Sulphite
Safety Issues
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Key Steps in Safe Use of Chemicals
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Safety Hydroxide
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Safe Handling of
Caustic Soda
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Safety Directions
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Liquid Caustic Soda Storage
Guidelines
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General Storage System Guidelines
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Hazards During Chemicals
in Use and Safety Guidelines
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An Overview Of The Chemical Manufacturing
Industry
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Know the risks of caustic
soda, an essential chemical: Solvay takes part
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Hazardous Materials: Sodium Hydroxide Safe
Handling Guideline
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Caustic Soda Solution General Storage System
Guidelines
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The Role Of Alkalinity
In Aerobic Wastewater Treatment Plants
Risks and Hazards
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Risk Assessment Report
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Technical Support Document
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Chemical Profile
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Hazard Rankings
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Toxic Spill in Brazil
Rules and Regulations
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Anti-dumping Duty on
Sodium Hydroxide
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Regulations
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R.E.D Facts
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Poisons License
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Notification
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Environmental Standards
Reports
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New Electrolysis Plant for Manufacture of
Caustic Soda and Chlorine Opens in Germany
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Oxy - Annual Report
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Company Report
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Caustic Soda Industry
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Juvenile corrosive esophagitis due
to accidental caustic soda ingestion
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Tata - Annual Report
Consultants
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USA Consultant
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Experts
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Edgecomb Consultant
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Belarus Consultant
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Indian Consultant
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California Consultant
Buyers
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Buyers List - 1
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Buyers List - 2
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Buyers List - 3
Suppliers
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Caustic Soda
Suppliers
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Caustic Soda Manufacturers
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Chinese Suppliers
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Caustic Soda Manufacturers
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Caustic Soda Flakes
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Supplier
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Caustic Soda Exporters
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