- Material and energy
balances are very important in an industry
- The first material balances are
determined in the exploratory stages of a new process, improved
during pilot plant experiments when the process is being planned
and tested, checked out when the plant is commissioned and then
refined and maintained as a control instrument as production
continues. When any changes occur in the process, the material
balances need to be determined again.
- The increasing cost of energy has caused
the industries to examine means of reducing energy consumption
in processing. Energy balances are used in the examination of
the various stages of a process, over the whole process and even
extending over the total production system from the raw material
to the finished product
- The aim is to
increase production as well as
minimization of wastes, emissions and toxicity at their source
rather than treat them after its generation
- Production Process includes consumption
of raw materials, water, energy, elimination of toxic raw
materials and reduction of the waste quantity, water consumption
and toxicity of all emissions.
- Energy consumption act is in place to
regulate the performance of the Industrial Production
- Mass and energy balances are coupled in
order to use each in the most efficient manner possible.
- Process energy is optimized by
consideration of process heat integration, low- and
high-temperature sources, mechanical systems electrical
systems, water, utilities, waste-to-energy opportunities, and
facility energy integration. These compounds can be applied to
unit operations, such as distillation, liquid extraction,
drying, freeze crystallization and drying, crystallization,
filtration, chemical reactors and so on
- When designing a chemical process, a form
of “double entry accounting”, evolved regarding materials
processed and energy consumed. These two elements are always
coupled and provide the designer with a convenient method to
both design the process as well as double check and optimize the
use of both materials and energy.
- Across the chemical and petrochemical
industry, safety, process optimization, energy usage, emission
reduction and new product innovation drive advanced engineering
and technology development
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