Ammonium Chloride - General, Process, Patent, Company Profiles, Consultants, Technology, Reports, Market, Suppliers

Ammonium Chloride
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Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) is, in its pure form, a clear white water-soluble crystalline salt of ammonia.
Ammonium chloride is prepared commercially by reacting ammonia (NH3) with hydrogen chloride
In nature, the substance occurs in volcanic regions, forming on volcanic rocks near fume-releasing vents.
Ammonium chloride is obtained as a by-product in different chemical processes, particularly for production of sodium carbonate from sodium chloride, ammonia, carbon dioxide and water. Another easily available raw material is ammonium sulfate.
Ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, also known as oronain, is a byproduct in co-production of soda ash as well as a quick-acting physiological acidic nitrogen fertilizer with a normal nitrogen content of 22%~25%.
By far the largest share of ammonium chloride made for use as fertilizer is produced in plants modified for soda production. After separating the sodium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride is crystallized out of the remaining solution by additional process stages, thus obviating the need for the usual ammonia recovery with its attendant yield of relatively useless calcium chloride, and instead ammonium chloride fertilizer is obtained as a by-product.
Ammonium chloride is used as an expectorant, diuretic and systemic acidifying agent. It is used in the treatment of severe metabolic alkalosis, to maintain the urine at an acid pH in the treatment of some urinary-tract disorders or in forced acid diuresis.
Ammonium chloride is used in etching in manufacture of printed circuits, as a fire extinguisher, an explosive in mineral winning and as a curing agent in formaldehyde-based adhesives.
Other uses include a feed supplement for cattle, in hair shampoo, in textile printing, in the glue that bonds plywood, as an ingredient in nutritive media for yeast, in cleaning products, and as cough medicine.
In modern times it found use as an electrolyte for dry-cell batteries and as a fertilizer for use when growing rice.
It is also sold in blocks at hardware stores for use in cleaning the tip of a soldering iron and can also be included in solder as flux.
Ammonium chloride is mainly applied in pharmaceutical, dry cell, textile, printing and dyeing, fertilizer, tannage, detergent electroplating, and some other industries.
India exported recently ammonium chloride worth USD 28 millions with total quantity of 16000 tons. United States is the largest buyer of ammonium chloride accounting followed by Netherlands and Belgium

Basics

Ammonium Chloride Project profile

Process

Process in Details
Soda Ash - production process
Analysis of Ammonium Chloride production process
Production process outline
Diffusion of gases – ammonia and hydrogen chloride
Urea, Soda & Ammonium Chloride

Standards

International codex standard
Indian standard - fertilizer grade
Fertilizer grade analysis
Product specification