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Contents on the CD Rom

  • Tolbutamide is a first generation potassium channel blocker, sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemic drug sold under the brand name Orinase.
  • Orinase was developed by Upjohn Co. at a time when the primary medical treatment for diabetes was insulin injections.
  • Tolbutamide stimulates the secretion of insulin by the pancreas. Since the pancreas must synthesize insulin in order for this drug to work, it is not effective in the management of type I diabetes.
  • Tolbutamide, tolazamide, or chlorpropamide may be used in combination with insulin when sulfonylurea monotherapy fails to reduce symptoms and/or blood glucose levels.
  • Orinase diagnostic Sterile Powder contains tolbutamide sodium which is a white to off-white, practically odorless, crystalline powder, having a slightly bitter taste. It is freely soluble in water, soluble in alcohol and in chloroform, very slightly soluble in ether.
  • The chemical name for tolbutamide sodium is 1-Butyl-3-(p-tolylsulfonyl) urea monosodium salt C12H17N2NaO3S.
  • Sulfonylureas lower blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes by directly stimulating the acute release of insulin from functioning beta cells of pancreatic islet tissue by an unknown process that involves a sulfonylurea receptor (receptor 1) on the beta cell.
  • Sulfonylureas inhibit the ATP-potassium channels on the beta cell membrane and potassium efflux, which results in depolarization and calcium influx, calcium-calmodulin binding, kinase activation, and release of insulin-containing granules by exocytosis, an effect similar to that of glucose.
  • Grazing incidence diffraction (GID) is a technique not yet being used in the field of pharmaceutical physics widely. However, GID is a very potential alternative to the other surface sensitive techniques, e.g. various spectroscopic methods, used in the pharmaceutical materials analysis.
  • Tolbutamide is an antidiabetic medication which is used in those patients with adult maturity onset or non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM). It works by lowering blood sugar levels by stimulating the production and release of insulin from the pancreas. It also promotes the movement of sugar from the blood into the cells in the body which need it.
  • Tolbutamide may alter the blood thinning ability of warfarin and the other coumarins.
  • The heritage of Orinase has had a lasting effect on medicine and the pharmaceutical industry. Patients today are still diagnosed with prediabetes, many of them managing to stave off the onset of diabetes through dietary and lifestyle changes.
  • Orinase was one of a number of drugs developed during the 1950's and 1960's for a variety of conditions first to treat symptomatic diseases and later to treat asymptomatic conditions that put the patient at risk of developing symptomatic disease.
  • Its use and marketing played a definitive, though not solely sufficient, role in establishing the condition of prediabetes as a legitimate diagnosable condition.
General Information
  • Tolbutamide
  • About Tolbutamide
  • Sk-tolbutamide - General Information
  • Host-Guest Chemistry of Tolbutamide
  • Tolbutamide for health
  • Tolbutamidec
  • Graphical Representation for Tolbutamide
  • Tolbutamide as Medicine

Consultant

  • Consultant from London.
  • Experts in Tolbutamide
  • Consultant from Singapore
  • Consultant from Egypt

Process

  • Synthesis of F-18 Labeled Tolbutamide as Beta-Cells Imaging Agent
  • Influence of antioxidant (L- ascorbic acid) on tolbutamide induced hypoglycaemia / antihyperglycaemia in normal and diabetic rats
  • Characterization of Human Liver Microsomal Tolbutamide Hydroxylation from a CYP2C9 *2/*2 Individual
  • Tolbutamide stimulates exocytosis of glucagon by inhibition of a mitochondrial-like ATP-sensitive K + (KATP) conductance in rat pancreatic A-cells
  • Tolbutamide and diazoxide modulate phospholipase C-linked Ca21 signaling and insulin secretion in b-cells

Application

  • Tolbutamide and Diazoxide Influence Insulin Secretion by Changing the Concentration but Not the Action of Cytoplasmic Ca2 + in b- Cells
  • Insulin Response to Glucagon with or without Tolbutamide in Normal and Diabetic Subjects
  • Isolation and Properties of Secretory Granules from rat islets of langerhans
  • Pancreatic Harmone
  • The stimulatory action of tolbutamide on Ca21-dependent exocytosis in pancreatic b cells is mediated by a 65-kDa mdr-like P-glycoprotein
  • Enzymatic Activity of Pancreatic Islets and Acini in normal and in Tolbutamide-Treated Rats
  • The Use of Tolbutamide-Induced Hypoglycemia to Examine the Intraislet Role of Insulin in Mediating Glucagon Release in Normal Humans

Technology

  • Molecular Modelling and 1H-NMR: Ultimate Tools for the Investigation of Tolbutamide :b -Cyclodextrin and Tolbutamide : Hydroxypropyl-b - Cyclodextrin Complexes
  • Glucose and Tolbutamide Induce Apoptosis in Pancreatic b-Cells
  • Serum tolbutamide and chlorpropamide concentrations in patients with diabetes mellitus
  • Grazing Incidence XRay Diffraction Studies of Pharmaceutical Tablets
  • Quantitation of Crystalline Polymorphs of Tolbutamide in a Model Formulation Using 13C CPMAS NMR Spectroscopy

Material Safety Data Sheet & Product
  • Tolbutamide
  • Safety data for tolbutamide
  • 4-hydroxy Tolbutamide
  • 1-Butyl-3-(p-tolylsulfonyl)urea
  • Orinase
  • Orinase Diagnostic
  • Sulfonylureas

Patent

  • Cerium Containing Hypoglycemic agents
  • Method for treating diabetes
  • Methods for treating neural cell swelling
  • Use of Sulphonylurea in the treatment of oedema
  • Use of Tolbutamide in the treatment of acne

Project

  • Enzyme activity analysis of CYP2C18 with exon 5 skipped
  • ESRD Outpatient Medications Project
  • The Carcinigenic Potency project - Tolbutamide
  • Simulation of anti-diabetic drug action in vivo

Functions

  • Cell specificity of the cytoplasmic Ca2C response to tolbutamide is impaired in b-cells from hyperglycemic mice
  • The effects of tolbutamide on the myocardium in experimental diabetes
  • A Minimum of Fuel Is Necessary for Tolbutamide to Mimic the Effects of Glucose on Electrical Activity in Pancreatic b-Cells
  • Different Effects of Tolbutamide and Diazoxide in a-, b-, and d-Cells Within Intact Islets of Langerhans
  • Effects of Tolbutamide Upon Gastric Secretion and Emptying
  • Effect of Insulin and Tolbutamide on Growth Rate, Blood Glucose and Body Composition of Lambs
  • Effects of Tolbutamide on Vascular ATP- Sensitive Potassium Channels in Human

Report

  • Prolonged elimination of tolbutamide in a premature newborn with hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia
  • Acute Insulin Responses to Calcium and Tolbutamide Do Not Differentiate Focal from Diffuse Congenital Hyperinsulinism
  • Establishment of a transgenic cell line stably expressing human cytochrome P450 2C18 and identification of a CYP2C18 clone with exon 5 missing
  • Peritoneal Dialysis Alters Tolbutamide Pharmacokinetics in Rats with Experimental Acute Renal Failure
  • Transepithelial Permeation of Tolbutamide Across  the Human Intestinal Cell line

Company Profile & Suppliers

  • Company from India
  • Company from USA
  • Supplier from Italy
  • Tolbutamide Indian Suppliers Directory
  • Supplier from India

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