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Californium
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| Project at a Glance |
Contents on the CD ROM |
- A silvery white actinide
metal with symbol Cf having atomic number 98 and also possess a
radioactive characteristics.
- Californium was named after
it was discovered in California.
- It does not occur naturally
and therefore ten isotopes are available which are radioactive.
- Californium is produced in
nuclear reactors and particle accelerators.
- Large quantities of
Californium can be synthesized by irradiating plutonium or its
transmutation products with neutrons in a nuclear reactor.
- Californium is an efficient
neutron source. It is used in neutron moisture gauges and as a portable
neutron source for metal detection.
- A strong neutron
emitter
by spontaneous fission; one
microgram emits 170 million
neutrons per minute.
- Californium useful as
a neutron startup source for some nuclear reactors and as a
portable neutron source for neutron activation analysis.
- Large masses of 252Cf are
used for neutron radiography of weapons components and in
explosive
detection systems.
- Californium-252 is
used
commercially as a reliable, cost-effective neutron
source for
prompt gamma neutron activation analysis
(PGNAA) of coal, cement, and
minerals.
- Californium-252 radio
isotopic neutron source capsules have been used for Brachytherapy
treatment of radio resistant tumors.
- Californium-252 is
conveniently packaged into small sealed source capsules with a wide
range of intensities.
- One of the portable neutron
source for discovery of metals such as gold & silver.
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Technology
- Californium.
- Fact sheet of
Californium.
- Review about
Californium.
- Supply & funding status
of Californium-252.
- Basin information about
CF.
- Spontaneous fission neutron
sources.
- Production and distribution
of Californium-252 neutron sources.
- Californium-Overview.
- Properties of
Californium.
MSDS
- Californium-252.
- Californium Msds.
Process
- Californium Production at
the transuranium processing plant.
- Californium Production in
the high flux isotope reactor.
- Design and fabrication of
Californium-252 sources.
- Development of Chemical
process & equipment to recover Californium-252.
- Californium-252 user
facility for neutron science.
Patents
- Separation of Californium
from curium by solvent extraction.
- Separation of Californium
from other Actinides.
- Californium-Palladium metal
neutron source material.
- Cable Attachment for a
radioactive Brachytherapy source capsule.
- Separation of Actinide
Element.
- Californium containing
radioactive source wires.
- Californium and Einsteinium
separation.
- Fabricating thin californium
containing radioactive source wires.
- Dosimetry for Californium
neutron emitting Brachytherapy sources.
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Turnkey
Provider
- Turnkey provider from
USA.
Company Profile
- Company from US.
- Company from USA.
Study
- Spontaneous fission of light
californium isotopes.
- Radiological safety aspects
in Californium-252 source transfer operation.
- Modified neutron fields with
americium-beryllium & Californium-252 sources.
- Separation of 248Cm from a
252Cf neutron source for production of Cm targets.
- Elimination of Berkelium and
Californium following acute inhalation.
- Californium 254 &
Supernovae.
Report
- Californium-252
Newsletter.
- New Element
Californium.
- Safe transfer of californium
enables more analyses.
- Californium-252.
- A Remarkable Versatile
radioisotope-Californium.
- Progress in Californium-252
Neutron Brachytherapy
- Historical review of
californium-252 discovery.
Uses
- Californium-252 Neutron
Sources for Waste Characterization.
- Development of Miniature
Californium-252 Neutron Sources for Cancer Therapy
- 252Cf for Calibrating
Safeguards Monitors.
- Applications of
Californium-252 neutron sources in medicine.
- Radiation hardness of
Avalanche photodiodes using Californium-252.
- Californium-252 Industrial
Applications.
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