Plutonium
 Technology,
Product, Process, Patent, Uses, Company Profile,  Report
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Project at a Glance Contents on the CD ROM
  • Plutonium is a heavy gray, metal
  • It look rather like nickel when freshly machined.
  • In air it discolors and soon begins to look like tarnished silver; it turns black. The rate of tarnishing depends on the particular alloy of plutonium and atmospheric humidity, but might typically occur within a day. in a few days then corrosion layer thickness, turns olive-colored, and flakes off as plutonium oxide
  • plutonium metal in pieces like the one shown here is not pyrophoric .it does not burn spontaneously in air
  • Its density 19.86 g/cm3, a little greater than gold.
  • At room temperature plutonium is in its α form
    (alpha). This, the most common structural form of the element (allotrope), is about as hard and brittle as grey cast iron unless it is alloyed with other metals to make it soft and ductile. Unlike most metals, it is not a good conductor of heat or electricity. It has a low melting point (640 °C) and an unusually high boiling point (3,327 °C).
  • Plutonium is an element in which the 5f electrons are the transition border
    between delocalized and localized; it is therefore considered one of the most
    complex elements.
  •  It is a radioactive actinide metal whose isotope,
    plutonium-239, is one of the three primary fissile isotopes (uranium-233
    and uranium-235 are the other two) plutonium-241 is also highly fissile. To be considered fissile, an isotope's atomic nucleus must be able to break
    apart or fission when struck by a slow moving neutron, and to release enough
    additional neutrons in the process to sustain the nuclear chain reaction by
    splitting further nuclei.
  • Plutonium-238 is a special material that emits steady
    heat due to its natural radioactive decay. Several unique features of plutonium-238 have made it the material of choice to help produce electrical power for more than
    two-dozen U.S. space missions that have been enabled by radioisotope power systems (RPS).
  • For use as fuel in an RPS, Pu-238 is processed with other materials into a ceramic form called plutonium dioxide. In the
    unlikely event of a launch or reentry accident that released the fuel, this ceramic form—similar to the material in a coffee mug—
    would break primarily into large, non-inhalable pieces rather than fine particles that could be harmful to human health or the
    environment.
  • Plutonium application: fuel for nuclear reactors, explosive for nuclear weapons, neutron source, isotopic power source, isotopic heat source, in the past power source for pacemakers

 

General

  • Learning about plutonium
  • EPA Facts About
    Plutonium
  • Radioactive Properties of Key Plutonium Isotopes
  • plutonium enters the environment
  • Physical,nuclear,and chemical properties of plutonium

Technology

  • Deposition of separate plutonium
  • North Korea’s Estimated Stocks of Plutonium and Weapon
  • The first nuclear reactor the production of plutonium and its chemical extraction
  • The Hydrogen Bomb
  • plutonium flights
  • Plutonium and Bombs

Products

  • Product Information

Uses

  • Converting Russian plutonium
  • Uses of plutonium
  • Plutonium in Use
    From single atoms to multiton amounts
  • Plutonium as an energy source
     

Project

  • Unprecedented Projected Nuclear Growth in the Middle East
  • The Rise and Fall of
    Plutonium Breeder Reactors

Mining

  • The Proliferation Risks of
    Plutonium Mines
  • Plutonium and U-233 mines

Msds

  • Radiation Safety Data Sheet
  • Msds of plutonium
  • Material Safety Data Sheet
    for Plutonium

Fact sheet

  • Fact sheet on plutonium
  • plutonium fact sheet

Patent

  • Method of co extracting neptunium and plutonium
  • Process for producing plutonium
  • Process for producing ultra-pure plutonium-238
  • Method for dissolving plutonium-containing nuclear fuels
  • Purification of plutonium
  • Molten salt fuels with high plutonium solubility
  • Solvent extraction process for plutonium

Guideline

  • Guide for good practices for occupational radiological production in plutonium facilities

News

  • Nuclear power

Study

  • Grade Plutonium
  • Plutonium isotopic analysis using PC/FRAM
  • The Proliferation Consequences of Global Stocks of Separated Civil Plutonium
  • Toxicological profile for plutonium
  • Plutonium Isotopic Composition by Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy
  • Radiochemistry of plutonium
  • Plutonium Transportation
  • Characteristics of plutonium
  • Thermal Stability Studies of Candidate Decontamination Agents for Hanford’s Plutonium Finishing Plant Plutonium-Contaminated Glove boxes

Company Profile

  • Company from India

Report

  • Material control and accountability
  • Global Fissile Material
    Report 2011
  • Plutonium Contamination in the Zero Power Physics Reactor Facility
  • An introduction on plutonium
  • NIST Ionizing Radiation Safety Committee
    Initial Report of Plutonium Contamination at NIST Boulder
  • Flour Hanford
    Plutonium Finishing Plant
  • Radiation Damage Effects in Candidate Ceramics for Plutonium Immobilization
  • Overview of Plutonium and Its Health Effects
  • International
    Plutonium Management
  • Management of the UK's plutonium stocks

Market

  • The Plutonium Business

Supplier

  • Supplier from India

Process

  • Plutonium processing al Alamos
  • Plutonium Processing
    in the Nuclear
    Weapons Complex
  • Assessing Iran's plutonium reprocessing capabilities
  • Process flow sheet document
  • Plutonium production
  • History of military plutonium production
  • Plutonium
    purification and dispatch

Effect

  • A Perspective on the Dangers of Plutonium
  • The Health Risks of Plutonium
  • Disposition of excess weapon grade plutonium-problem and prospects
  • The Human Plutonium Injection Experiments
  • Public health statement
  • Health effects

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