- Temefos or Temephos (trade
name Abate) is an organophosphate larvicide used to treat water infested
with disease-carrying insects including mosquitoes, midges, and black
fly larvae.
- Temephos is a General Use
Pesticide.
- Temephos (Abate) is an
Organo-phosphorus compound.
- Its chemical formula is
0,0,0,0-tetra Methyl 0,0-thio-dephenyle phosphorothioate.
- Temephos is a white,
crystalline solid in its pure form. The technical grade is a brown
viscous liquid.
- In the developing world
where the vector-borne disease dengue fever is endemic, temephos is
widely used and applied by both
private and public pest control in
areas of standing water where the Aedes aegypti mosquito breeds in order
to reduce the population
of this disease-carrying insect.
- Temephos can be extracted by
using liquid–liquid or a solid-phase extraction method.
- Temephos solution were
provided by Funasa or prepared from the 98% temephos standard solution.
Solution concentration and purity were verified by gas chromatography
using a flame photometric detector and a mass spectrometer
detector.
- Temephos is also used in the
Guinea Worm Eradication program to kill water fleas that carry guinea
worm larvae.
- It is used in lakes, ponds
and wetlands.
- It also may be used to
control fleas on dogs and cats and to control lice on humans.
- Temephos is also used
experimentally on cotton, alfalfa, citrus and other crops for control of
cutworms, thrips on citrus and Lygus bugs.
- It is sometimes mixed with
other insecticides for broader spectrum control.
- It is also used as a
formulated powder for the control of body lice.
- This is the only
organophosphate pesticide registered with the EPA for larvicidal use in
the USA.
- It is considered an
important management tool for mosquito control programmes, being used to
help prevent development of
resistance to the bacterial
larvicides.
- Annual usage is
approximately 25,000 to 40,000 pounds of active ingredient per
year.
- Temephos use has declined in
recent years due to deletion of the use on citrus.
- Temephos was first
registered in the United States in 1965 by American Cyanamid Company for
a number of uses including citrus
fruits, pet collars, and mosquito
control.
- Temephos is recommended by
WHO for addition to potable water as larvicide treatment at an
application rate not exceeding 1 mg/l.
- Temephos can be safely used
in drinking water as it has a low mammalian toxicity.
- This chemical was first
introduced for mosquito larval control in Thailand in 1968 by the Aedes
Research Unit funded by the
World Health Organization (WHO) and later
promoted on nationwide basis in 1978 in conjunction with primary health
care, mainly
in urban areas.
- In rural areas, the
percentages of rural households that applied temephos to storage
containers meant for washing, bathing and flushing toilets amounted to
54%, 59%, 55% respectively.
- Temephos is a larvacide
which effectively controls the vectors of human diseases such as
Malaria, Onchocerciasis, Epidemic Typhus Fever, Filariasis,
Dracunculiasis, Yellow Fever, Dengue and various other arbovirus
diseases.
- The level of temephos
resistance was detected in a microplate by biochemical assay using
WHO
bioassay technique.
- The concentration and purity
of temephos solutions were verified by gas chromatography.
- Resistance to temephos by A.
aegypti has been seen in Brazil.
- The Brazilian Aedes aegypti
resistance monitoring program detected temephos resistance in A. aegypti
populations from several localities in the country in 1999.
- The efficacy of a larvicide,
temephos, for controlling Ae. aegypti was evaluated in a
cemetery in
Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Slow-release larvicides as
temephos can reduce the frequency and cost of insecticide
application
to control mosquito populations.
- The use of temephos in an
environment with high availability of potential breeding sites was
effective in reducing Ae. aegypti
populations.
- In general, tendency of
resistance to temephos in Ae. aegypti was most prevalent in Nakhon Sawan
and Nakhon Ratchasima, located in the northcentral and northeastern
parts of Thailand.
- Temephos has been widely
used throughout the country, naturally resistance was focal.
- In urban areas, the standard
packages available facilitated the correct use of temephos in dragon
jars used for storage of water for drinking purposes (60 to 200
litres).
- Temephos was more widely
used in rural areas than in urban settings with 60% of rural
households
and only 25% of urban households reporting the use of
temephos in at least one container in the past 12 months.
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General Information
- Temefos general
information
- Temephos
- Temefos information
sheet
- Temephos (Insecticide): Chemical summary
page
Process
- Technical Temephos
- Genotoxic evaluation of
the
organophosphorous pesticide temephos
- Impact of temephos
(Abate)
on the non-target invertebrate fauna
- Combination larvicidal
action of solanum xanthocarpum extract and certain synthetic
insecticides against filarial vector, culex quinquef
asciatus(say)
Studies
- Susceptibility of Aedes
aegypti larvae to the
insecticide temephos in the Federal District,
Brazil
- Laboratory and Field
Evaluation of Some Chemical and Biological Larvicides against Culex spp.
(Diptera: Culicidae) Immature Stages
- Laboratory bioefficacy of
nine commercial formulations of
temephos against larvae of Aedes
aegypti (L.), Aedes
albopictus Skuse and Culex quinquefasciatus
Say
- Oviposition behaviour of
Aedes albopictus in temephos
and Bacillus thuringiensis
israelensis-treated ovitraps
Functions
- Current resistance status to
temephos in Aedes aegypti
from different regions of Argentina
- Effect of organophosphates
malathion and temephos on cholinesterase activity in the earthworm
Eisenia fetida
(Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae)
- Effects of the mosquito
larvicide temephos to non target organisms in a saltmarsh
community
- Efficacy of two temephos
formulations against chironomus salinarius (Diptera: Chironomidae) in
the saltwater lagoon of venice, italy
- Laboratory bioefficacy of
CREEK 1.0G (temephos) against Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus)
larvae
- Biochemical Detection of
Temephos Resistance
in Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus) from
Dengue-endemic Areas of Selangor State, Malaysia
- Effect of Temephos 20EC on
non-target saxicolous fauna of a tropical african island river at first
treatment
Patent
- Gypsum-based insecticide
pellets and method of manufacture
- Insecticide dispenser
- Arthropodicidal use of
6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone to attract and control corn rootworm
(Diabrotica)
- Anthelmintic paste
compositions containing resinates of
d1-6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole
- Pesticidal resin
compositions and pesticidal products formed from the same
- Small Hive Beetle Control
Harbourage
Company Profiles
& Plant
- Company from India
- Another company from
India
- Company from Mumbai
- Another company from
Mumbai
- Company from Saudi
Arabia
- Plant from India
- Another plant from
India
Consultancy
- Consultant from
Argentina
- Consultant from Iran
- Consultant from
Maryland
- Consultant from New
Delhi
- Consultant from South
Africa
- Consultant from UK
- Consultant from USA
- Consultant from
Washington
- Turnkey consultant from
India
Toxicity
- Toxicity Effect of Temephos
on Bulinus globossus and Lymnaea natalensis
- Temephos - Evaluation
for
derogation for essential use
- Temephos
- Temephos distribution and
toxicity in a South Florida Saltmarsh Community
- Toxicologic Information
About Insecticides Used for Eradicating Mosquitoes (West Nile Virus
Control)
Fact
Sheet
- Temephos Hazardous Substance
Fact Sheet
- Temephos Facts
- Temephos (Abate) Chemical
Profile
- Temephos RED
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Applications
- Methods for field detection
of resistance to temephos in simulids. Larval esterase level and topical
application of the insecticide to adults
- Susceptibility of Aedes
aegypti larvae to temephos and Bacillus thuringiensis
var israelensis
in integrated control
- Chemical control of nuisance
midgets in the santa ana river basin, southern california
- Larvicidal Efficacy of new
formulations of temephos in non-woven sachets against larvae of aedes
aegypti (L.) in water storage containers
- Control of Aedes aegypti
with temephos in a Buenos Aires cemetery, Argentina
- Household Practices of
Temephos Use for
Dengue Larval Control, Khon Kaen Province,
North-east Thailand
- Potential development of
temephos resistance in Aedes Aegypti related to its mechanism and
susceptibility to dengue virus
- Use of Temephos for Control
of Field Population of Aedes aegypti in Americana Sao Paulo,
Brazil
- Temephos in
Drinking-water:
Use for Vector Control in Drinking-water Sources and
Containers
Product
- ProVect 4E Larvicide
- Abate 4-E Insecticide
- Abate 500 E
- Assassin Sheep Dip
- Stopmos 44.6 EC
- Abate® 4-E
Insecticide
- Larvate® 10SG
- Larvate® 500EC
- ProVect 1G Larvicide
Material Safety Data
Sheet
- Abate 10SG Mosquito
Larvicide Granules
- Coopers Assassin Sheep
Dip
- Larvate 10SG
- Abate 4-E Insecticide
- Larvate 500EC
- Safety data sheet - Abate
500E
- AllPro ProVect Mini-G
Larvicide
Technology
- Community-centred approach
for the control of Aedes spp. in a peri-urban zone in the Andaman and
Nicobar Islands
using temephos
- Temephos resistance in two
forms of Aedes Aegypti and its significance for the resistance
mechanism
- The Analysis of
Organophosphate
Pesticides by LC/MS
- Sensitivity and accuracy of
a bio-assay for the determination of the concentration of residual
pesticide in natural water bodies
Report
- Coopers Assassin Sheep Dip
(Containing) Temephos
- Occupational Health and
Safety Assessment
- Temephos
- Emerging Resistance to
Temephos in Anopheles Stephensi in the Al-Dhahira Region of Oman
- Temephos Information
- Trend of Temephos Resistance
in Aedes (Stegomyia) Mosquitoes in Thailand During 2003–2005
- Temephos Report
- Temephos as a replacement
larvicide for oil for the control of anopheles maculatus, the main
vector of malaria in peninsular malaysia
Suppliers
- Suppliers of Temephos
- Temephos suppliers
- Selling leads of
Temephos
- Suppliers and Manufacturers
of Temephos
- Temephos exporters
Raw Material
Suppliers
- Silica Gel Suppliers
- Dimethyl 4-nitrophthalate
Suppliers
- Suppliers of Dimethyl
4-nitrophthalate
- Ethyl Acetate Selling
Leads
- n-hexane Suppliers
- Silica Gel Exporters
- Ethyl Acetate Indian
Suppliers
- Suppliers and Manufacturers
of n-hexane
- Selling Leads of Silica
Gel
- Silica Gel Column
Suppliers
- Ethyl Acetate World Wide
Suppliers
Equipment
Suppliers
- High performance liquid
chromatography suppliers and manufacturers
- Suppliers of High
performance liquid chromatography
Guide
Lines
- Occupational Safety and
Health Guideline for Temephos
- Guidelines for use of
larvicides in clean and polluted water
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