- Phenols and Phenolic
compounds are a class of chemicals consisting of a hydroxyl group
attached to an aromatic hydrocarbon group. They are found widely in
nature as well as being synthetically created. These compounds are
widely used in industry.
- A number of phenols
are subject to regulation as air and water pollutants around the world.
In the US, eleven phenols are listed as priority pollutants by the EPA,
five phenols are regulated as hazardous pollutants under the Clean Air
Act, and pentachlorophenol is regulated under the National Primary
Drinking Water Regulation.
- Phenols are
chemicals found in basically all foods. The "phenol" category contains
quite a few subgroups, both food and non-food. For example, salicylate
is a subgroup of phenol. There are other chemicals found in foods that
can cause similar symptoms as phenols, including amines, even tho they
are not technically "phenol".
- Sources of Phenol :
from cumene (isopropylbenzene) by hydrolysis of its hydroperozide;
byproduct is acetone, from benzenesulfonic acid by fusion with NaOH,
above 300oC, then acidification, from chlorobenzene by high T, P
reaction with NaOH, then acidification Laboratory Preparations, from the
aryl diazonium salt by hydrolysis (water, 100oC); from the aniline, from
the nitroaromatic.
- Phenol was first
isolated from coal tar in the coking of coal, but the first commercial
process was the sulphonation of benzene and subsequent fusion with
caustic soda. Most phenol today is synthesized under an indirect
three-step process (called the cumene method).
- The Sunoco/UOP
Phenol process fills that need with commercially proven technology for
the cumene route to phenol and acetone, backed up by continuing
improvements and service. Cumene peroxidation is the preferred route to
phenol, accounting for more than 90% of world production.
- High phenol and
acetone product qualities are achieved through a combination of
minimizing impurity formation and efficient purification techniques.
Phenol is found naturally in decaying dead organic matter like rotting
vegetables and in coal.
- The use for phenol
includes an intermediate stage in the process of producing caprolactam,
which is used in nylon and many other man-made fibres. Phenol is also a
powerful disinfectant and bacteria killer. This is ideal for not only an
air freshener but also other products like medicinal ointments and
lotions.
- One of the early
uses for phenol was as an antiseptic. New uses for phenol in the
synthesis of dyes, aspirin, and one of the first high explosives, picric
acid. Phenol is also used to make chemical intermediates for a wide
range of other applications, ranging from plastics to pharmaceuticals
and agricultural chemicals.
- Soy
flour/phenol-formaldehyde technology has been developed that provided
homogenous alkaline solutions with stability equal to or better than
that of a typical phe-nol-formaldehyde resin.
- The main use for
phenol is to make Bispenol A for polycarbonate resins. The leading
buyers of phenol for this purpose are GE Plastics and Bayer, each using
more than 500,000 t/y in plants throughout the world. Almost one million
t/y of phenol is used to make phenolic resins. Borden Chemical buys more
than one third, 350,000 t/y. Georgia Pacific and Dynea each buy about
200,000 t/y.
- The world market for
phenol is 10.7 million t/y. Japan, Korea, Taiwan and China consume about
35% and the US and Canada use about 30%. The largest use is for the
automobile, consumer and electronics industries. The second largest use
in the US is for phenolic resins for oriented strand board. Worldwide
growth in phenol is forecast at 4.5% over the next 5 years mainly in
China.
- Phenol prices follow
raw material costs and oil prices fairly closely.
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General Information
- Phenol
Information
- Phenols
- Phenol
Structure
- Phenol -
Synthesis
- Reactions of
Phenols
Products and MSDS
- Acid Phenol :
Chloroform MB Grade
- Phenol, Liquified
MSDS
- UltraPure
Buffer-Saturated Phenol
- Phenol
Product
- Phenol red
MSDS
- Phenol
MSDS
- Phenol Reagent
- Safety data for
phenol
- Phenol
Solution
Technology
- New Catalyst
Technology for the Selective Oxidation of Feedstock Aromatic Compounds
to Commodity Chemicals
- Dispersion Adhesives
From Soy Flour And Phenol Formaldehyde
- Development of New
Bioremediation Technologies
- Degradation of
Phenol in Wastewater Using Anolyte Produced from Electrochemical
Generation of Brine Solution
- Phenol - Technology
Profile
- Toluene to Phenol
process
Patent
- Phenolic resin
compositions with improved impact resistance
- Compositions
enriched in phenolic compounds and methods for producing the
same
- Efficient method for
producing compositions enriched in total phenols
- Process for
preparing phenols
- Production and
purification of phenol: hydroxyacetone removal by
hydrotalcite
- Removal of salts in
the manufacture of phenolic compound
- Phenol novolak
resin, production process thereof, and positive photoresist
composition
- Method of separating
phenol from highly concentrated phenol solution
- Use of a phenol
oxidizing enzyme in the treatment of tobacco
Raw Materials
- Benzene Sulphonic
Acid Suppliers
- Chlorobenzene
Suppliers
- Cumene
Suppliers
Production and Manufacturing Process
- Phenol
Production
- Production
Process
- Nitration Of Phenols
Under Mild And Heterogeneous Conditions
- Sunoco/UOP Phenol
Process
- Preparations of
Phenol
- Phenol Production
and Manufacturing Process
- A New,
Environmentally-friendly Phenol Production Method
- Phenol
Preparation
- Process - Flow
Chart
Project Details
- Baseline Monitoring
Project
- A new technology of
phenol production based on solid catalyst
- Cumene/Phenol
Project
- Insulating company
with phenol and oil contamination
- Nonyl
phenol
- Phenol
project
Plant Details
- Plant in
China
- Rein In Your Reactor
Temperatures
- Plant in
Mantova
- Phenol Plant
Equipment
Liquidation
- Phenol recovery
pilot plant
- Plant in
USA
- Risk Reduction
Support System of the Phenol Recovery Plant
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Company Profiles
- Company in
Maharashtra
- Company in
Georgia
- Company in Florida
- Manufacturing
Company
- Company in
India
- Company in
Delhi
Applications
- Microwave mediated
solvent-free acetylation of deactivated and hindered phenols
- The use of Hot
Phenol In Preparing DNA
- Phenol
Biodegradation Using a Repeated Batch Culture of Candida tropicalis in a
Multistage Bubble Column
- Phthalate and alkyl
phenol concentrations in soil following applications of inorganic
fertiliser or sewage sludge to pasture and potential rates of ingestion
by grazing ruminants
- Phenol
Use
- Uses of
Phenol
- Use of Phenol in
Anaesthetizing the Eardrum
Consultants
- Consultant in
Pakistan
- Consultant in
Mumbai
- International
Consultant
- Phenol
Consultant
- Consultant in
Europe
- Consultant in
Singapore
- Project
Consultant
- Consultant in
India
Report
- Cumene
- Conference
- Collation of
Toxicological Data and Intake Values for Humans
- Isolation of a Lipid
a Bound Polypeptide Responsible for "LPS - Initiated \' Mitogenesis of
C3H/HeJ Spleen Cells
- Evidence on the
Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity of Phenol
- Priority Substances
List Assessment Report
- Soil Guideline
Values For Phenol Contamination
Health Hazards and Pollution
Control
- Determination of
Phenols in Drinking and Bottled Mineral Waters Using Online Solid-Phase
Extraction Followed by HPLC with UV Detection
- Phenol Health
Effects
- Health Hazard
Information
- Toxicology and
Clinical Effects
- HPA Compendium
of Chemical Hazards
- Pollution Prevention
Opportunities for PBT Chemicals
- Ontario Air
Standards For Phenol
- Risk
Assessment
Guidelines
- Emergency Procedures
for Phenol/Chloroform
- Regulations and
Guidelines Applicable to Phenol
- Safe Method of Use
for Hazardous Substances of Higher Risk 3 Concentrated Phenol
- Phenol Health and
Safety Guide
- Ambient Working
Water Quality Guidelines for Phenols Prepared
- Proposed Acute
Exposure Guideline Levels
Market
- Market
News
- Global Phenol
Demand
- Phenol
Outlook
- Phenol Market
- Phenol Uses and
Market Data
- Production , Import/
Export, Use and Disposal
- Phenolic resin
sector enters new stage
- Suppliers
- End Users/buyers
Ordering
Information
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