- Rubidium is a chemical
element with the symbol Rb and atomic number 37. Rb is a soft,
silvery-white metallic element of the alkali metal group. Rb-87, a
naturally occurring isotope, is very slightly radioactive.
- Rubidium is the
twenty-third most abundant element in the Earth's crust. It occurs in
the minerals pollucite, carnallite, leucite and lepidolite, from which
it is recovered commercially. Potassium minerals and brines also contain
this element and are a further commercial source.
- Rubidium can be liquid
at room temperature. It ignites spontaneously in air and reacts
violently with water, igniting the liberated hydrogen. It forms amalgams
with mercury and alloys with gold, caesium, potassium and sodium. It
colours a flame yellowish-violet.
- A common method for
producing rubidium is to pass an electrical current through molten
(melted) rubidium chloride.
- Bose-Einstein
condensates of rubidium-87 are produced in a multistage process
involving laser cooling and trapping, as well as evaporative cooling in
a magnetic trap.
- A sample of rubidium is
first heated to 120°C in an oven chamber. A thermal atomic beam escapes
from the oven and enters a Zeeman slower tube where it is decelerated by
photon scattering from a red-detuned, counterpropagating laser
beam.
- Rubidium is obtained as
a minor byproduct of the processing of lepidolite and pollucite. These
ores are found, often together, in just a few zoned pegmatites around
the world and are mined on a small scale by selective methods.
- Saturated absorption
spectroscopy using a narrow band diode laser was applied to the
determination of Rb in a laboratory- detect isotopes of built see-
through hollow cathode glow discharge cell.
- A technique for
manipulatlon of the rubidium metal such that it iS available In stored
quantities In the pure metal form, methods of controlling the
cleanliness in the filling operation and the amount Of metal per cell,
the design of a liquid N 2 1 cold trap for a bakeable system, and novel
fixtures for fabricating " glass components The initial components
fabTicated by these techniques are currently being eveluated for
performance and long llfe reliability.
- Selective field
ionization Technique is followed by a slow ramp in rubidium and apply
this scheme to an electron scattering experiment, corroborating dipole
selection rules in fast electron scattering induced excitation.
- Rubidium is used little
outside research. It is easily ionised so was considered for use in ion
engines, but was found to be less effective than caesium. It has been
proposed for use as a working fluid for vapour turbines and in
thermoelectric generators.
- Rubidium vapor has been
used to make atomic magnetometers. 87Rb is currently being used, with
other alkali metals, in the development of spin-exchange relaxation-free
(SERF) magnetometers.
- Rubidium is used to
make atomic clocks. An atomic clock is a device for keeping very exact
time. A radioactive isotope of rubidium is also used to measure the age
of very old objects.
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General
Information
- Rubidium - Basic
Information
- Rubidium - Rb -
Chemical Data
- Rubidium - Periodic
table
- Rubidium - Physical
Properties
- Rubidium
Production
- U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity
Summaries in 2008
- U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity
Summaries in 2004
- U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity
Summaries in 2005
- U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity
Summaries 2006
- U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity
Summaries 2007
Mineral Commodity
Profiles Rubidium
Process
-
Tight coupling of rubidium conductance
and inactivation in human KCNQ1 potassium channels
-
Disciplined Rubidium Oscillator with
GPS Selective Availability
Dissociation
of Rubidium Uptake by Neurospora crassa in to entry and Binding Phase
Ionization of sodium and rubidium
nS, nP, and
nD Rydberg atoms by blackbody radiation
Systematics Studies of
Rubidium Optical Pumping
Rubidium -
Overview
Six-Wave Mixing Near-Infrared Emissions in
Rubidium Vapor
Structure and Molecular Motions in
RubidiumTetraphenylborate
A strongly confining dipole trap for
Rubidium atoms
Application
-
Accumulation of Lipid-soluble Ions and
of Rubidium as Indicators of the Electrical Potential in Membrane s of
Escherichia coli
-
Blue five-level frequency-upconversion
system in rubidium
- Non-Linear Spectroscopy of Rubidium in
Hollow-Core Fibers
-
Field Testing Rubidium Marking for
Quantifying Intercrop Movement of Predatory Arthropods
-
The Suppression o the Late
After-Potential in Rubidium-Containing Frog Muscle Fibers
-
Gating and Flickery Block
Differentially Affected by Rubidium in Homomeric KCNQ1 and Heteromeric
KCNQ1/KCNE1 Potassium Channels
- Rubidium-87 Concentration in Market Milk
-
Use of Rubidium to
Label
Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a Parasitoid of
Greenbugs (Homoptera: Aphididae), for Dispersal Studies
Project
-
An intense
source of rubidium condensates
- Evaluation of Grain Sorghum as a Predator Source
for Biological Pest Control in Texas Agroecosystems
- A New Synchronized Miniature Rubidium Oscillator
with an Auto Adaptive Disciplined Filter
-
Rubidium chloride (RbCl) and cesium
chloride (CsCl) Sprayed on Maize Plants and Evaluated for marking
Diatraea grandiosella (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in mark-recapture
dispersal studies.
-
Rubidium spectroscopy with 778-780 nm
distributed feedback laser diodes
-
Trapping of rubidium
-
Research Rubidium Project
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Technology
-
Determination of rubidium isotopes by
using saturated absorption spectroscopy and a seethrough hollow cathode
glow discharge cell
- EXAFS Study of Silver and Rubidium Environments
in Silicate Glasses
-
Som
e Fabrication Techniques of
Spectral Lamps and Gas Absorption Cells for Rubidium
Magnetometers
Ion Absorption by Shoot Tissue:
Kinetics of Potassium and Rubidium Absorption by Corn Leaf Tissue
State-selective field ionization of
rubidium
Myocardial Perfusion with Rubidium-82.
Effects of Metabolic and Pharmacologie Interventions
Determination
of Rubidium in Seawater
Patent
- Confinement of Cesium
and/or Rubidium in Apatitic Ceramics
- Therapeutic
Preparation Containing Cesium Ions
- Hyperfine Filter for
the Resonance lines of Cesium and Rubidium
- Therapeutic Methods and
Preparation using Rubidium Ions
- Process for the
Production of K or Rb-Beta or -Beta- Aluminium oxide ion
conductors
- Separation of Cesium
from Potassium and Rubidium
- Process for Separation
of Zirconium-88, Rubidium-83 and Yitrium-88
Material Safety
Data Sheet
- Rubidium Alloy
- Rubidium Bromide
Safety data for
rubidium nitrate
Rubidium
Rubidium chloride
Rubidium Standard Solution
Properties &
Function
-
Collective and Collisional Properties
of the Rubidium Quantum Gas
-
Review of luminescence and magnetic
properties of antiferromagnetic KMnCl
3, RbMnCl3,
TlMnCl3 and (CnH2n+1NH3)2MnCl4 (n =
1, 2).
Growth and Magnetic
properties of rubidium rare earth double tungstates single
crystals.
Effects of Rubidium in
Purified Diets in Fed Rats
Ultracold scattering properties of the
short-lived Rb isotopes
The effect of Rubidium
Ions and Membrane Potential on the intracellular sodium activity
of sheep Purkinke fibres.
Effect of Rubidium
Vapor on Bayard-Alpert ionization Gages at pressure less than
1*10^6 Torr
Market &
Report
- Annual Average Primary Rubidium Price
- Diagnostic Accuracy of Rubidium-82 Myocardial
Perfusion Imaging With Hybrid Positron Emission Tomography/Computed
Tomography in the Detection of Coronary Artery Disease
- Beta Decay of Rubidium-82 in a Magnetic
TOP-Trap
- Local Structure of Rubidium ion in Ion-exchange
Resin
Rubidium-Rich Asymptotic Giant Branch
Stars
Solid-state 87Rb NMR signatures for rubidium
cations bound to a G-quadruplex
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