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A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductors—the transformer's coils. Transformer thus allows an alternating current (AC) voltage to be "stepped up" by making Ns greater than Np, or "stepped down" by making Ns less than Np. Transformers range in size from a thumbnail-sized coupling transformer hidden inside a stage microphone to huge units weighing hundreds of tons used to interconnect portions of power grids. All operate with the same basic principles, although the range of designs is wide. Transformers are essential for high-voltage electric power transmission, which makes long-distance transmission economically practical. The transformer is based on two principles: first, that an electric current can produce a magnetic field (electromagnetism), and, second that a changing magnetic field within a coil of wire induces a voltage across the ends of the coil (electromagnetic induction) Knowledge of natural frequencies of transformer windings is of importance for the determination of the transient response of the windings to impulse and switching surge voltages. An ideal transformer would have no energy losses, and would be 100% efficient. In practical transformers energy is dissipated in the windings, core, and surrounding structures. Larger transformers are generally more efficient, and those rated for electricity distribution usually perform better than 98%. Transformers can be found operating in the frequency range starting from a few hertz going up to several mega hertz. Power ratings vary from a few milliwatts to several hundreds of megawatts. The use of the transformers is so wide spread that it is virtually impossible to think of a large power system without transformers. Demand on electric power generation doubles every decade in a developing country. For every MVA of generation the installed capacity of transformers grows by about 7MVA. These figures show the indispensable nature of power transformers. There are two kinds of broadband transformers. One is known as a conventional type and another one is transmission-line transformer. Conventional type separate transformer primary and secondary windings, as do power and audio transformers. Transmission-line transformer is believed that the latter variety is the most efficient of the two. Transmission-line transformers are wound with twisted or parallel windings and produce specific integers of impedance transformation, such as 4:1, 9:1, and 16:1. Distribution transformer means a transformer with a primary voltage of equal to or less than 35 kilovolts (kV), a secondary voltage equal to or less than 600 volts (V), a frequency of 55-65 Hertz (Hz), and a capacity of 10 kilovolt-amp (kVA) to 2500 kVA for liquid-immersed units and 15 kVA to 2500 kVA for dry-type units. Transformers can be segmented according to application. They can be installed either by Transmission System Operators (TSO), or Distribution System Operators (DSO), or alternatively by the industrial or the tertiary sector end user themselves. Distribution Transformers are installed by a DSO or end user and provide most often connection to the Low Voltage (LV) distribution grid (230/400 VAC). Presently, Malaysia have six oil immersed transformer manufacturers. Transformer business in Malaysia is very volatile and involves stiff competition in the market. The category with the largest market share, low voltage dry industry transformers, imported on average 3.76 million more units than it produced each year between 2004 and 2007. The second largest market category, medium voltage oil immersed industry transformers, imported an average of 1.23 million units each year between 2004 and 2007. The distribution oil immersed transformers (LLP), the third largest market group, imported an average of 0.72 million more units than produced each year from 2004 to 2007. On the contrary, each year, an average €509 million more were produced than imported. The largest exporter in 2003 was Germany (US$335 million), followed by Mexico (US$238 million) and Italy (US$205 million). The largest regional market for Transformers in 2004 was the Far East (US$6,062 million) followed by North America (US$3,459 million) and Western Europe (US$2,661 million). The low voltage oil immersed industry transformer (LMLP) and the power transformer (LHP) are negligible in terms of market size, representing less than 1% of apparent consumption in 2007.	*General* Transformer Basic Information Transformers Transformer Basics Transformer Action Transformer Ratings Transformer Operation Transformer Types Transformer Project Transformers and Services Transformers Information General information - Transformers General Information on ganz Current Transformers Transformer Application Balun Transformer Info Types of electrical transformer *Company* Company from India Company from India Company from India Company from USA Company from India Company from India Company from India Company form USA Company from Australia Company from China Company from India Company from India Company from India Company from USA Company from India Company from India Company from India Company from Korea Process Transformer Process Power Transformers Process *Raw Material Supplier* Insulated Copper wire Supplier Insulated Copper tubes Supplier Craft papers Supplier Crepe paper Supplier Metalized crepe paper Supplier Resi-glass tape Supplier Perma wood Supplier Mineral Oil Supplier Supplier for Silicon steel cold rolled grain oriented steel Precompressed press board Supplier Silicon steel cold rolled grain oriented steel Supplier Design Transformer Transformer Design Transformer design comparison Transformer Winding Design Transformer Design Issues Scaling design methods to improve transformers Patent Transformer Transformer circuit Transformer testing Rectifier Transformer Current transformer Dielectric transformer Balun-transformer Transformation layer Transformer configuration Transformer construction Transformer assembly and transformer cover Process for manufacturing an electrical-power transformer having phase windings formed from insulated conductive cabling Product Transformer Transformers list 1:1 Flux Coupled Transformer 4:1 Flux coupled balun transformer AC Current Transformer Transformer Products Group KATC-C1 automatic transformer comparator KVTS voltage transformer testing system Current transformer Multichannel transformer Large Power Transformers Modem coupling Transformers VTM Transformer Power and traction transformers Transformer Production Transformer Protection Transformer Protection Basics Transformer protection Transformer Protection Principles Apply Dependable and Secure Transformer Protection Primary-Side Transformer Protection Protection of a Three- Winding Transformer Transformer differential protection scheme with internal faults detection algorithm Transformer Differential Protection Device Transformer protection Guide Transformer Differential protection improved by implementation of negative sequence currents Transformer differential Protection Studies High inductance planar transformers Offline Dry-type Transformer Testing Cast-resin transformers excel in their fire behavior Biobased Transformer Coolant Fluid Is Quickly Adopted Effective use of magnetic materials in transformer manufacturing Harmonic Sharing for Effective Detection of Transformer Inrush Condition in Differential Protection Improvement of recovery energy in the absorption heat transformer process using water - Carrol for steam Measurement of transformer characteristics and power loss Measuring transformer distributed capacitance MV/LV Transformer Analysis of the NEMA Efficiency Standard for Distribution Transformers Pea Transformer load management project Single and Three Phase Transformer Testing Using Static Motor Circuit Tech. Testing of Transformers Discussion on Transformer testing in the factory *Suppliers* Transformer Suppliers Indian transformer manufacturers Suppliers for Transformers Transformer Suppliers Transformers Indian Suppliers Transformers Exporter and Manufacturers	Application Transformer Application Applying 600V High-Accuracy Current Transformers for Revenue Metering Applications Isolation Transformer for Medical Applications Benefits of using mobile transformers Applications of transformer and feeder monitoring with AGInodes Analysis and Applications of the Capacitive Transformer CCFL Transformer Application Designing the power transformer via the application of intelligent systems Dimensioning of Current Transformers for Protection Applications Using Standard Transformers in Multiple Applications Dry-Type disc wound transformers in medium voltage applications Electronic Transformer Applications Instrument Transformer Basic Technical Information and Application Intelligent Universal Transformer Design and Applications Isolated Transformer Driver for PCMCIA Applications P.F.C Application ideas using mains transformer Phase Shifting Transformers: Principles and Applications Ferroresonant transformers for Railway Power transformers for inductrial applications Piezoelectric Transformers for Space Applications Sweep Frequency Response Analysis Transformer Applications Special transformers and applications Transformer Guide Instrument Transformers Buyer’s Guide Practical Guide For Transformer in Production Current-Sense Transformer Application Design Guidelines Padmount Distribution Transformer Application Guide Transformer Protection Guide Relaying current Transformer Power Transformers - Guide Transformer protection RET650 Project Transformer and Coils Transformer PCI limited Transformer SPI Project status Technology Transformers technology HTS Transformer Development Recent Power Transformer Technology C4 Probe Card Space Transformer Technology Coreless transformer a new technology for half bridge driver IC´s Grid Modernization Utilizing an Electrical Core Transformer Incorporating Wire Magnetic Components High-power systems Transformer Technology: Liquid-Filled vs. Dry-Type Transformer Technology State-of-the art and trends of future development Recent Trends in Ultralarge-capacity Three-phase Transformer Technology Wideband Transmission Transformer Technology In The Broadband Age Technology for bioremediation of soils contaminated by transformer oil Reports Distribution Transformers: Proposal to Increase MEPS Levels Acoustic Transformer Powered Super-High Isolation Amplifier Distribution and power transformers Causes and Failure rate of Mea's Distribution transformer Acoustic Mapping for Active Transformer Quieting Applications Based on a Modular DSP Platform Economical Analysis for Efficient Transformers Projects ELANTAS Technical Presentations Inductica Conference Environmental Benefits of transformer oil HTS power transformers The Transformer and its Maintenance Strategies for development and diffusion of Energy Efficient Distribution Transformers Market World market and manufacturers of transformers 2005 - 2010 Transformers Market – India Transformer - Economic and Market Analysis Transformer Manufacturers in Malaysia Market and Technology Assessment - transformer Distribution Transformers Market Intelligence Report New Energy Regulations to Impact the Commercial Transformer Market Transformers Auto Transformer Ideal Transformer Dry-Type Transformers Current Transformers Series Transformer Special Transformers Power transformers Matching transformers Carnhill Transformers Design Current Transformer Concept Dry-Type General Purpose Power Transformers Single and Three Phase Flat Transformers for Low Voltage, High Current, High Frequency Power Converters On-chip transformers modeling & characterization Power transformer maintenance Ventilated dry type transformer Toxicity Chemical and Biological Investigations of a Transformer Accident at Binghamton Acute Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyl-Containing and -Free Transformer Fluids on Rat Testicular Steroidogenesis Gamma Radiation process for destruction of toxic polychlorinated biphenyls in transformer oils A vegetable alternative to toxic transformer oil Order the CD ROM
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