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Contents on the CD Rom

• A tire (in American English) or tyre (in British English) is a ring-shaped covering that fits around a wheel rim to protect it and enable better vehicle performance by providing a flexible cushion that absorbs shock while keeping the wheel in close contact with the ground.
• The word itself may be derived from the word "tie," which refers to the outer steel ring part of a wooden cart wheel that ties the wood segments together.
• The fundamental materials of modern tires are synthetic rubber, natural rubber, fabric and wire, along with other compound chemicals.
• They consist of a tread and a body. The tread provides traction while the body ensures support.
• Before rubber was invented, the first versions of tires were simply bands of metal that fitted around wooden wheels in order to prevent wear and tear.
• Today, the vast majority of tires are pneumatic inflatable structures, comprising a doughnut-shaped body of cords and wires encased in rubber and generally filled with compressed air to form an inflatable cushion.
• Pneumatic tires are used on many types of vehicles, such as bicycles, motorcycles, cars, trucks, earthmovers, and aircraft.
• Pneumatic tires are manufactured according to relatively standardized processes and machinery, in around 450 tire factories in the world.
• Over 1 billion tires are manufactured annually, making the tire industry the majority consumer of natural rubber.
• In 2015 1.72 billion tires are expected to be sold globally.
• Tire factories start with bulk raw materials such as rubber, carbon black, and chemicals and produce numerous specialized components that are assembled and cured.
• The tread is the part of the tire that comes in contact with the road surface.
• Tread lugs provide the contact surface necessary to provide traction.
• Tread voids provide space for the lug to flex and deform as it enters and exits the footprint.
• The rain groove is a design element of the tread pattern specifically arranged to channel water away from the footprint.
• Tread lugs often feature small narrow voids, or sipes, that improve the flexibility of the lug to deform as it traverses the footprint area.
• Wear bars (or wear indicators) are raised features located at the bottom of the tread grooves that indicate the tire has reached its wear limit.
• The bead is that part of the tire that contacts the rim on the wheel.
• The sidewall is that part of the tire that bridges between the tread and bead.

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