- Two-dimensional
electrophoresis (2-D electrophoresis) is a powerful and widely used
method for the analysis of complex protein mixtures extracted from
cells, tissues, or other biological samples.
- Two-dimensional
electrophoresis was first introduced by P. H. O'Farrell and J. Klose in
1975. In the original technique, the first-dimension separation was
performed in carrier ampholyte-containing polyacrylamide gels cast in
narrow tubes.
- A large and growing
application of 2-D electrophoresis is "proteome analysis." Proteome
analysis is "the analysis of the entire PROTEin complement expressed by
a genOME".
- The analysis involves
the systematic separation, identification, and quantification of many
proteins simultaneously from a single sample. Two-dimensional
electrophoresis is used in this technique due to its unparalleled
ability to separate thousands of proteins simultaneously.
- 2-D Gel Technology has
had profound impact on proteomic research over the years. Informatics
support brought a new dimension to 2D gels and associated technologies.
But with advent of new and emerging technologies, it will be interesting
to observe the trends of 2D gel technology in the years to come. Here we
review 2D gel technology and its applications besides looking at the
future scope of 2D gels in the post genome era.
- The separation of
proteins based on both molecular charge and size, done by combining the
processes of isoelectric focusing (IEF) and polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis (PAGE), makes it possible to effectively separate
thousands of proteins using a single gel. This powerful technique,
two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DGE) enables scientists to isolate
single or multiple protein targets with a high degree of sensitivity.
- Proteins resolved by
2DE can be identi¢ed based on unique attributes that are measured by MS.
These attributes are determined from analysis of peptides generated by
proteolytic digestion of the protein of interest.
- Proteomics is a field
that is younger than DNA sequencing and although applications are more
limited, the impact of the technology could prove to be enormous. The
industry is growing more by a diffusion process as the technology
gradually replaces older laboratory methods.
- Applications of 2-D
electrophoresis include proteome analysis, cell differentiation,
detection of disease markers, monitoring therapies, drug discovery,
cancer research, purity checks, and microscale protein
purification.
- Two-dimensional (2D)
gel electrophoresis can be time-consuming and labour intensive, but its
value to proteomics research means that the market for these products
will more than double by 2010.
- Right now, 2D gel
electrophoresis generates $405.7 million a year worldwide with annual
increases of 12.8%, according to Frost & Sullivan.2 By 2010,
revenues should hit $717.2 million. GE Healthcare (formerly Amersham
Biosciences) and Bio-Rad currently hold 65% of the market.
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Properties And Function
- Advances in Analytical
Chemistry
- Environmental
signatures in proteome properties
- Thiol
Modifications in a Snapshots
- Global analysis of
predicted proteomes: Functional adaptation of
physical properties
- Scoring function
- Screening for targets
via 2D gel electrophoresis
- Bactriophage T4
Helicase Loader Protein GP59 Functions As Gatekeeper in Origin-Dependent
Replication in Vivo
- Mapping origins (2D
gels)
- Caspase-Dependent
Inactivation of Proteasome Function During
Programmed Cell Death in
Drosophila and Man
- Protein Function and
Localization
Company
Profiles
- Genomic Solutions
- Invitrogen
- MatTek
Corporation
- Proteome
Sciences
- Syngene
- Westburg
- The Gel Company
- Rhys International
Consultants
- Pier Carlo Montecucchi
- Intota
- Gene
- M-Scan
- InnovationsKapital
Technology
- 2D Gels and
bioinformatics - An eye to the future
- Delta2D
- High Resolution
Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis of Proteins
- Protein Image Alignment
via Piecewise Affine Transformations
- Mapping of polyomavirus
DNA replicative intermediates by
two-dimensional gel analysis using
chemiluminescent detection
- Proteomics
- Amersham
Applications
- BioInformatics
Application Note
- Application of laser
capture microdissection and proteomics in colon cancer
- Custom Life Sciences
Applications
- Optimal 2D gel
proteomic analysis of brain proteins affected by dietary
polyphenols.
- 2D Gel Protein
Profiling
Products
- Syngene
Proteomics range
- Protein Analysis
According to GMP
- The ProteoSeek™
Antibody-Based Albumin/IgG Removal Kit
- New Dimensions for 2D
Gel Electrophoresis
- a2DEoptimizer Product
- DSM Nutritional
Products
- ProteomeLab™ PF
2D Protein Fractionation System
- 1D – 2D Protein Gel
Excision System
- Perfect 2D Gels
Production And
Processing
- Two_Dimensional
Gel Electrophoresis
- 2D Gel Sample
Preparation
- Sample Preparation
Guidelines for 2-D Gel Electrophoresis
- Harvard Center for
Environmental Health Proteomics Facility
- 2-D
Electrophoresis
- Protocol for
Preparation of Coomassie G-250-stained 2D Gel Spots for In-gel Trypsin
Digestion
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Projects
- Proteome Research
Information Management Environment
- Neurobiology And
Anatomy
- Proteineer
- Student Projects 2006
- The Open2Dprot
Proteomics Project for n-Dimensional Protein Expression Data
Analysis
- Proteome analysis by
twodimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry:
strengths
and limitations
- Gene expression
pro¢ling: monitoring transcription and translation products using DNA
microarrays and proteomics
- Proteome Center
Rostock
- Research
Projects
Analysis
- 2D Gel Electrophoresis
Training
- Comparison of Image
Processing Methods Used in Matching 2D Electrophoresis Images
- Correlation analysis of
two-dimensional gel electrophoretic protein patterns and biological
variables
- A spot filtering tool
to facilitate image analysis of 2D gels
- Melanie
- 2D
Gel Electrophoresis at the PSAL
- A “High-Performance”2D
Gel Scanner
- Mapping of polyomavirus
DNA replicative intermediates by
two-dimensional gel analysis using
chemiluminescent detection
Market
- 2D gel electrophoresis
market heading for boom?
- Emerging Market for
Protein Microarrays Shows Strong Growth
- Proteomics Challenges
And Possibilities in Finland
- Proteomics market to
reach $17.5 billion by 2009
- Protein Expression
Analysis Report
Patent
- Device for
Metering Liquid or Gel Productss
- Integrated 2D Gel
Electrophoresis Methods and System
- International
Application published Under the Patent Coorporation Treaty
- Methods and Device for
Carrying out 2D Electrophoresis in Lerge Gels
- Model for Alzheimer's
disease and other neurodegenerative diseases
- Diagnostic assay for
stroke
Software
Providers
- BioNumerics 2D
- DECODON GmbH
- Dymension
- Melanie
- 2-D Gel Analysis
Software
- ProFINDER
- Progenesis 2D gel image
analysis software suite
- Progenesis
Safety And
Guidelines
- The Australian Food
Safety Centre of Excellence
- InnoMed's Drug
Safety Database Goes Live
- Enterococci in
Foods Functional and Safety Aspects
- 2 Dimensional
Electrophoresis Sample Preparation Guidelines
- Guidelines for Sample
Submission and Preparation for 2-D Electrophoresis
- Delta2D
- Melanie
Reports
- Proteomic Changes in
Bovine Heart Mitochondria With Age
- NextGen Group
PLC
- Proteomics & Mass
Spectrometry in biological research
- Gel Imaging and
Analysis Systems
- Defining the Mandate of
Proteomics in the Post-Genomics Era
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