- MSG, is a sodium salt
of glutamic acid. MSG is a food additive, popularly marketed as a
"flavour enhancer. It was discovered and patented in 1909 by Ajinomoto
Corporation in Japan. In its pure form, it appears as a white
crystalline powder; when dissolved in water (or saliva) it rapidly
dissociates into free sodium and glutamate ions.
- Glutamate itself is a
widespread amino acid: it is found naturally in human bodies, and is
found primarily in the bound form in protein-containing foods, such as
mushrooms, seaweed, tomatoes, nuts, legumes, meats, and most dairy
products. Only a fraction of the glutamate in foods is in a "free" form,
and only free glutamate can enhance the flavour of foods. Part of the
flavour-enhancing effect of tomatoes, fermented soy products, yeast
extracts, certain sharp cheeses, and fermented or hydrolyzed protein
products (such as soy sauce and soy bean paste) is due to the presence
of free glutamate ions.
- MSG is usually produced
through fermentation — a process similar to that used in making vinegar
and yogurt. The process begins with the fermentation of corn, sugar
beets, or sugar cane. The finished product is a pure, white crystal,
which dissolves easily and blends well with many foods. The fermentation
method has the advantage of mass production at low cost, which was the
great impetus for expanding the amino acid market. The manufacturing
method of glutamate shifted from the extraction method to the
fermentation method in the 1960s. Subsequently, a similar shift to the
fermentation method took place for the other amino acids in rapid
succession.
- The most relevant
factors influencing L-glutamate formation are the ammonium
concentration, the dissolved 02 concentration and the pH. Although, in
total, a large amount of ammonium is necessary for sugar conversion to
L-glutamate, a high concentration is inhibitory to growth as well to the
production of L-glutamate. Therefore, ammonium is added in a low
concentration at the beginning of the fermentation and is then added
continuously during the course of the fermentation. The oxygen
concentration is controlled, since under conditions of insufficient
oxygen, the production of L-glutamate is poor and lactic acid as well as
succinic acid accumulates, whereas with an excess oxygen supply the
amount of a-ketoglutarate as a by-product accumulates.
- MSG helps bring out the
best natural flavors in a variety of foods such as meat,poultry,
seafood, and vegetables. Soups, casseroles, gravies, and sauces are
examples of dishes that can benefit from the proper use of MSG.While MSG
harmonizes well with salty and sour tastes, it contributes little or
nothing to sweet or bitter foods.
- Glutamate occupies a
central position in human metabolism. It comprises between 10 – 40% by
weight of most proteins, and can be synthesised in vivo. Glutamate
supplies the amino group for the biosynthesis of all other amino acids,
is a substrate for glutamine and glutathione synthesis, is an key
neurotransmitter in the brain and is also an important energy source for
certain tissues. Breast milk concentrations of glutamate are only
modestly influenced by the ingestion of MSG and the placenta is
virtually impermeable to glutamate. Although glutamate is an important
neurotransmitter in the brain, the blood brain barrier effectively
excludes passive influx of plasma glutamate.
- Monosodium glutamate,
which is present as glutamic acid in the acidic environment of the
stomach, is metabolized in the same way that the glutamic acid from the
proteins of a normal diet is metabolized. Since the 80 grams of protein
in the normal diet contain about 15 grams of glutamic acid, one would
not expect an additional fraction of a gram of MSG consumed as a flavor
enhancer to cause a health problem.
- Brazil is the world's
top producing country of sugar cane, the main raw material of MSG. The
MSG global market is approximately 1,700,000MT, with a projected annual
growth rate of 4 per cent. Ajinomoto claims to have a 34 per cent share
of the market. In Vietnam Ajinomoto intends to lift annual MSG
production capacity from 45,000MT to 60,000MT with construction slated
for completion by mid-2006.
- The MSG manufacturers
and Government of Indonesia officials determined that the color of the
fortified MSG must not deviate from the color of unfortified MSG. MSG is
marketed in clear multilaminate packets showing its purity. Various
initial attempts to coating the 250 CWS VA were tried including
agglomeration of the VA beadlets with small MSG crystals or whitening of
the beadlets with Klucel (hydroxypropylcellulose) -TiO2 combination. The
whitening options were chosen to mask the yellow color of the VA
beadlets. Due to the successful field bioavailability study, the
chemical stability of VA in fortified MSG was not considered.
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General
Information
- Monosodium
Glutamate
- Facts on
Monosodium Glutamate
- Some Background
on MSG
- Monosodium
glutamate - Ingredients
- Product
Identification of Monosodium Glutamate
- Description of
Monosodium glutamate
Production and
Processing
- Production
Process of MSG
- Production of
Monosodium Glutamate by Fermentation
- Industrial
Production of L-Glutamine1
- Amino Acid
Production
- Efficiency of
Glutamine Production by Coupling of a Bacterial Glutamine Synthetase
Reaction with the Alcoholic
Fermentation System of Baker’s
Yeast
- L-Glutamine
Formation by Flavobacterium rigense
- Production
Methods of Amino acids
- Production of
Glutamine
- Manufacturing Process
of MSG
- Commercial Production
of MSG
- Muscle glutamine
production in diabetic ketoacidotic rats
Functions
- Function of
Glutamate
- Food coloring
and monosodium glutamate: effects on the cephalic phase of gastric acid
secretion
- Function of
Group III metabotropic glutamate receptors in rat pancreatic
islets
- Gustatory
Responsiveness to Monosodium Glutamate in Four Species of Nonhuman
Primates
- Many-faceted
mystique of monosodium glutamate
- Responses to
Monosodium L-Glutamate in Taste Receptor Cells of Rat Fungiform
Papillae
- Vitamin
A-fortified monosodium glutamate and health, growth, and survival of
children: a controlled field trial
- An enzymatic
process to a-ketoglutarate from L-glutamate
Properties
- Physical and
chemical properties of MSG
- Properties of
Monosodium Glutamate
- Kinetic
Properties of Monosodium Glutamate
- Intramolecular
Carbon Isotopic Composition of Monosodium Glutamate
- Novel Synthesis
of Gold Nanoparticles in Aqueous Media
- Therapeutic
Properties of Monosodium Glutamate
Company
Profiles
- Hebei Meihua
Monosodium Glutamate Group Co., Ltd.
- Ajinomoto
- Dachuan
- Daesang
Corporation
- NORPAC Foods
- Vinythai
Consultants
- Australian
Glutamate Information Service
- Expert in
Monosodium Glutamate
- Glutamate
Information Service
- L. Hepner &
Associates
- CPL Business
Consultants
- Home Allergy
Design Consultants
- International
Glutamate Information Service
Project and Plant
- Treatment of
wastewater from a monosodium glutamate manufacturing plant
- Carcinogenic
Potency Project
- Peripheral and
central contributions to monosodium glutamate synergism
- Jiangsu
Environmental Technical Support (JETS) Project
- Thailand Plant
- Vedan MSG
Producing Plant
Applications
- Uses of
MSG
- Manufacturing of
Imitation crab meat using MSG
- Production of
Red Pigments by Monascus ruber
- Synergic
treatment for monosodium glutamate wastewater by Saccharomyces
cerevisiae
- Manufacturing of
Condensed soup using MSG
- Use and Utility
of Glutamates as Flavoring Agents in Food
- Uses of
Monosodium glutamate
Material Safety Data
Sheet
- Monosodium
Glutamate FCC Crystals
- L-Glutamic
acid
- Sodium
Salt
- Monosodium Salt
Monohydrate
- Monosodium
Glutamate
- Safety data for
monosodium glutamate
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Technology
- Centrifugal
Separating Technology
- Evaporation
Technology
- Starch and
Industrial Biotechnology
- Monosodium
Glutamate Technology
- New Technology
of Monosodium Glutamate
- Green Technology
of Monosodium Glutamate
Patent
- Process for the
preparation of monosodium glutamate
- Formulation of
adenovirus for gene therapy
- Composition
comprising monosodium glutamate for use in relieving fatigue
- Flowable
cottonseed and method for its preparation
- Granular
Chemical Seasoning og High Specific Volume and Production Thereof
- Process for
producing glutamic acid
Market and Report
- Ajinomoto ramps
up MSG production on market growth
- Fermentation and
Enzyme Industry in China
- Glutamate
industry involvement is rarely obvious
- Industry defends
MSG
- Conditional Sale
Of Monosodium Glutamate Unit To Ajinomoto
- Effect of
monosodium glutamate on apoptosis and Bcl-2/Bax protein level in rat
thymocyte culture
- FDA and
Monosodium Glutamate
- Analysis for the
presence of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) in the VIBETM
Nutraceutical
- Glutamate and
Monosodium Glutamate: Examining the Myths
- Imports and
Exports of Monosodium Glutamate
- MSG Slowly
Poisoning America
- Draft
Assessment Report
- EPA
Report
Products
- Aji No Moto Monosodium Glutamate
- Assam Laksa
Flavour
- Fresh
Kielbasa
- List of
Monosodium Glutamate Products
- Ajinomoto
- Ramen
noodles
- Pure Monosodium Glutamate Powder
Manufacturers,
Suppliers and Buyers
- Monosodium
Glutamate Exporters
- Trade Leads of
Monosodium Glutamate
- Suppliers of
Monosodium Glutamate
- Monosodium
Glutamate Manufacturers
- Manufacturers of
Monosodium Glutamate
- Trade offers of
Monosodium Glutamate
- Selling Leads
Monosodium Glutamate
- Monosodium
Glutamate Suppliers
- Traders of
Monosodium Glutamate
- Monosodium
Glutamate Buyers List
Equipments
Suppliers
- Centrifuge Suppliers
- Chemical Dryers
Suppliers
- Crystallizer
Suppliers
- Dissolver Suppliers
- Evaporator Suppliers
- Fermenter
Suppliers
- Filter Suppliers
- Swenson Crystallization
Equipment
Health
Hazards
- Health Hazards
of MSG
- MSG Hazards
- Slow
Poisoning - MSG (Monosodium Glutamate)
- Monosodium
Glutamate (MSG) Toxicity
- Glutamate Safety
in the Food Supply
- Toxicity of free
Glutamic Acid
- MSG - Slow
Poisoning: The Cause Of Obesity and Other Health Problems
- Health Hazards of
Monosodium Glutamate
Safety and Guides
- Safety Issues of
Monosodium Glutamate
- Is MSG safe for
children
- Ajinomoto: To
Use Or Not To Use
- Food labeling
rules regarding MSG
- Information
about obesity and other effects of processed free glutamic acid (MSG)
- Monosodium
Glutamate: Food for Thought but not for Eating
- FAQ's about
Monosodium Glutamate
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