- Rhenium is a chemical
element in the periodic table that has the symbol Re and atomic number
75. A silvery-white, rare, heavy, polyvalent transition metal, rhenium
resembles manganese chemically and is used in some alloys. Rhenium is
obtained as a by-product of molybdenum refinement and rhenium-molybdenum
alloys are superconducting.
- Rhenium is a silvery
white metal, lustrous, and has one of the highest melting points of all
elements, exceeded by only tungsten and carbon. It is also one of the
most dense, exceeded only by platinum, iridium, and osmium.
- Rhenium is not found
free in nature, and it was only recently that the first rhenium mineral
was found. In 1994, Nature published a letter describing a rhenium
sulfide mineral found condensing from a fumarole on Russia's Kudriavy
volcano. Rhenium is widely spread through the Earth's crust at
approximately 1 ppb.
- Commercial rhenium is
extracted from molybdenum roaster-flue gas obtained from copper-sulfide
ores. Some molybdenum ores contain 0.002% to 0.2% rhenium. Total world
production is between 40 and 50 tons/year; the main producers are in
Chile, USA and Kazakhstan.
- The shortage and high
cost of this element strongly limits its applications. However, due to
its exceptional high temperature resistance and high melting point,
rhenium is quite indispensable in the production of thermo-couples to
measure temperatures up to 2500 ºC, in non-oxidizing atmospheres, as
well as in the production of refractory alloys with tungsten, tantalum,
niobium, molybdenum, etc.
- Rhenium is a rare
scattered metal which possesses unique physio-chemical properties which
enable one to use it in nuclear-power engineering, electrical technology
and electronics. This metal has high qualities when dealing with high
temperatures and stresses, and this is of great significance in modern
technology of high velocities, temperatures and pressures.
Iridium-coated rhenium (Ir/Re) provides thermal margin for high
performance and long life radiation cooled rockets.
- This element is used
in platinum-rhenium catalysts which in turn are primarily used in making
lead-free, high-octane gasoline and in high-temperature super alloys
that are used to make jet engine parts. Other uses: Widely used as
filaments in mass spectrographs and in ion gauges. An additive to
tungsten and molybdenum-based alloys to increase ductility in these
alloys. Rhenium catalysts are very resistant to chemical poisoning, and
so are used in certain kinds of hydrogenation reactions. Electrical
contact material due to its good wear resistance and ability to
withstand arc corrosion.
- There are good
prospects for the use of alloys of rhenium in electrical-instrument
making inasmuch as rhenium and some of its alloys posses high elastic
properties. Thus the introduction of rhenium into cobalt alloys made it
possible to solve the problem of improving the hardness and resistance
to abrasion and assured the dependability of the cores of electrical
instruments under conditions of vibration and increased loads.
- Demand for rhenium
last year was estimated at between 60 and 69 tonnes against supplies of
between 58 and 64 tonnes. Supplies included 15 tonnes of stockpile from
one of the world's top producers, Kazakhstan. Rhenium is not mined for
itself, but is normally recovered as a byproduct of molybdenum sulphide
concentrate after it has been separated from copper. Most is sold on
long-term contracts. The largest producer is Chile, which is also the
world's largest copper producer. Other producers include the United
States, China, Russia, Poland, Armenia and Uzbekistan.
- During 2006,
average rhenium metal price, based on U.S. Census Bureau customs value,
was about $1,170 per kilogram, about 9% more than that of 2005. Rhenium
imports increased by about 44% owing to continued strong demand for
super alloys in the gas turbine engine market and improved demand in the
catalyst market. Rhenium recovery in the United States decreased by
about 13% owing to reduced imports of
byproduct molybdenum concentrates for roasting in the United States.
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General
Information
- Rhenium
- History and sources
of Rhenium
- Description of
Rhenium
- Elemental information
of Rhenium
- Periodic table of
Rhenium
- Rhenium and alloys
Production Process
- Production process of
Rhenium
-
CVD Processing of Rhenium
- Process and Recovery
of Rhenium
- Liquid kit for
Preparation of 188rhenium-etidronate
- Radionuclidic
generators for the production of technetium-99M and Rhenium-188
- Complexes of
Technetium(I) and Rhenium(I) – From Radiopharmacy to Photocatalysis
- Biological evaluation
of 188-Rhenium colloids for radiosynovectomy
- Chemical Vapor
Deposition Methods for the Controlled Preparation of Supported Catalytic
Materials
Company
Profiles
- Company Annual
report - 2014
- Company product
data sheet - 2014
- ACI Alloys, Inc.
-
Climax Engineered Materials
- Changsha Asian
Light Economic Trade Co. Ltd.
- ESPI
- Molybdenum
Products, Inc.
- Molymet
- Rhenium Alloys,
Inc.
- Ultramet
- ZhuZhou KETE
Industries CO.,Ltd
Consultants
- Experts in
Rhenium
- The Hendrix
Group
- IPMI
- Massimiliano
Galeazzi
- Moishe
Garfinkle
- Rafael
Espinoza Consulting
- Robert
Hurwitz
Functions
- Behavior
of Rhenium and the Platinum Group Elements during Fractional
Crystallization
-
Characterization of W-26% Re Target Material
- Diffusion
of Iodine and Rhenium in Category 3 Waste Encasement
Concrete and Soil Fill Material
-
Photoinduced Isomerization and Luminescence of fac-[Re(CO)3(ph2phen)(bpe)]+
-
Radiochemistry of Rhenium
- Structure
of Low-Loss EELS in Rhenium
-
Geochemistry of Rhenium
- Clusters
with a Square Geometry of the Metal Core. Synthesis and
X-Ray Characterization of the Novel [Re4( +-H)3(CO)16]&
Anion
Properties
-
Allylthiourea Chemistry - 2014
- Metal
Organic compounds - Structure - 2014
- Properties of Rhenium
- Rhenium Material Properties
- Rhenium Mechanical Properties
- Properties and uses of Rhenium
- Chemical properties of Rhenium
- Physical properties of Rhenium
- Thermophysical properties of Rhenium
Material
Safety Data Sheet
-
Rembar-Rhenium
-
Rhenium 1000 ppm A/S standard
-
ESPI-Rhenium
-
Rhenium
-
Rhenium powder (99.99%)
Patent
-
Spherical rhenium powder
-
Rhenium composite
-
Molybdenum-rhenium alloy
-
Recovery of Rhenium
-
Process for isolating Rhenium
-
Method for manufacturing rhenium-containing
alloy powder
-
Process for making rhenium-containing alloys
-
Recovery of platinum group metals and rhenium
from materials using halogen reagents
-
Process for the recovery of moylbdenum and
Rhenium from ores
Projects
-
New Rhenium Radio-pharmaceuticals for the
selective imaging and therapy of breast
cancer
-
Reduce Manufacturing Costs of Ultra-High
Temperature Rhenium Pintle/Throat
Combinations
-
An alternative method for producing Rhenium
combustion chambers
-
The aquatic behavior of rhenium and
molybdenum
-
Organic
Transformations with h2-Arene Complexes of
Rhenium
-
Rhenium Fabrication Processes
-
Production of Ultra High Strength Rhenium
Components for Aerospace Systems
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Technology
- Rhenium Uptake as
Analogue for 99Tc by Steel Corrosion Products
- Analysis of
Soluble Rhenium Concentrations in the Refractory from Bulk
Vitrification Full-Scale Test 38B
- Development of
chemically vapor deposited rhenium emitters of preferred crystal
orientation
- Two-photon
excitation of rhenium metal-ligand complexes
-
Rhenium-Selenium-Chlorine Solid Phases
- Physical
foundations of Rhenium-Osmium method
- Testing of
Electroformed Deposited Iridium/Powder Metallurgy Rhenium Rockets
- Process for
Manufacturing Rhenium Rocket Nozzles or Articles
- Recovery of
Radiogenic Osmium-1 87 ~ from Sulfide Copper Ores
- Novel radioactive
technetium and Rhenium chelate complexes for the diagnosis and
therapy of cancer
Products
-
and products
- ATLAS MDT
chamber
- Tungsten
Rhenium thermocouples
- Rhenium
heptoxide
-
- Rhenium metal
powder
- Rhenium
metallic pellet
- Radiochemical
sodium perrhenate solution
-
metallic bar
- ITM-Rhenium-PTA
®
- Rhenium
metallic sheet
-
Applications
- Rhenium
Alloy Lamps
- Rhenium
Sulfide Colloids Intended for Lymphoscintigraphic
Application
-
Rhenium-188(Sn)HEDP for Treatment of Osseous Metastases
-
Rhenium-188 for magnetic targeted radiotherapy
- Coronary
Radiation Therapy with Liquid Rhenium-186
- Rhenium
fac tricarbonyl bisimine complexes: biologically useful
fluorochromes for cell imaging applications
- Medical
applications of advanced materials
-
Applications of Rhenium
- Uses of
Rhenium
Market
-
Rhenium - Australia - 2014
-
Rhenium Statistics - 1963 to 2012
- Metal
Prices in the United States Through 2010
- Overview of Rhenium market
- Rhenium is discovered quite late
- Demand for rhenium at breaking point
- World
overview of Rhenium market
- Market overview of mining industry
- Phenium market prices drop to lower levels
- Prices for rhenium ease, stabilize in US
Report
-
U.S. Rhenium Metal Powder Price
-
Amino acid radicals in Rhenium-modified copper
proteins
-
Responses of plants to Rhenium
-
Rhenium statistics
-
Rhenium market in 2002
-
Rhenium market in 2003
-
Rhenium market in 2004
-
Rhenium market in 2005
-
Rhenium market upto 2004
-
Rhenium market upto 2005
-
Rhenium market upto 2006
-
Rhenium Market upto 2011
-
Rhenium Compilation - 2012
-
Rhenium Market upto 2012
-
Rhenium Market upto 2013
-
Rhenium Market upto 2014
-
Rhenium Market upto 2015
Manufacturers, Suppliers and
Buyers
-
Global suppliers of Rhenium
-
Rhenium Hexafluroide CAS 10049-17-9 suppliers
-
Rhenium oxide CAS 12036-09-8
-
Rhenium, metal CAS 7440-15-5
-
Selling leads of Rhenium
-
Rhenium Silicide CAS 12038-66-3 suppliers
-
Rhenium Sulfide CAS 12038-64-1 suppliers
-
Rhenium metal suppliers
-
Buying leads of Rhenium
Equipment Suppliers
-
Laxmi En-Fab
-
Furnace manufacturers
-
Power generators suppliers directory
-
Chemical reactors suppliers
-
Scrubber Manufacturers
Safety and Guides
-
Radiation safety manual
-
Aquatic environment protection:
Analytical methods
-
Marrow Toxicity and Radiation Absorbed
Dose Estimates from Rhenium- 186-Labeled
Monoclonal
Antibody
-
General guide for Rhenium
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