- Streptomycin is an
antibiotic drug, the first of a class of drugs called aminoglycosides to
be discovered, and was the first antibiotic remedy for tuberculosis. It
is derived from the actinobacterium Streptomyces griseus. Streptomycin
stops bacterial growth by damaging cell membranes and inhibiting protein
synthesis. Specifically, it binds to the 16S rRNA of the bacterial
ribosome, which prevents the release of the growing protein.
- Streptomycin and
various other antibiotics are produced using strains of Streptomyces
griseus. Spores of this actinomycete are inoculated into a medium to
establish a culture with a high mycelial biomass for introduction into
an inoculum tank, with subsequent use of the mycelial inoculum to
initiate the fermentation process in the production tank.
- Streptomycin belongs to
a group of compounds, known as antibiotics, which are produced by
microorganisms and which possess the property of inhibiting the growth
and even of destroying other microorganisms. Antibiotics vary greatly in
their chemical nature, mode of action upon different organisms, and
effect upon the animal body. The selective action of antibiotics upon
bacteria and other microorganisms is known as the antibiotic spectrum.
- Streptomycin was found
to be soluble in water and insoluble in organic solvents, such as ether,
chloroform, and acetone. The chloride was completely soluble in
methanol, less soluble in ethanol, and virtually insoluble in butyl
alcohol, acetic acid, and pyridine. The sulfate was only slightly
soluble in methanol and virtually insoluble in the other
solvents.
- Streptomycin belongs to
the glucosides in which a diguanido-group is linked to a
nitrogen-containing disaccharide-like compound. It is a strong base,
with three basic functional groups. The molecular weight determination
on the trihydrochloride in water gave about 800 for the free base after
the necessary corrections for the chloride ion.
- Streptomycin is active
against a large number of bacteria found among the gram-negative,
gram-positive, and acid-fast groups and among the spirochaetes; it has
relatively little activity against anaerobic bacteria, fungi, protozo,
and viruses. No absolute value can be given for the sensitivity of an
organism to streptomycin; this depends not only upon the particular
species.
- Streptomycin proved to
be highly effective in the treatment of a large number of infectious
diseases brought about in experimental animals by various bacteria. This
was true of Salmonella schottmülleri, Shigella gallinarum, Brucella
abortus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella or Friedländer’s bacillus,
Diplococcus pneumoniae, and a number of organisms commonly found in
urinary tract infections.
- Streptomycin is also
used as a pesticide, to combat the growth of bacteria, fungi, and algae.
Streptomycin controls bacterial and fungal diseases of certain fruit,
vegetables, seed, and ornamental crops, and controls algae in ornamental
ponds and aquaria. A major use is in the control of fireblight on apple
and pear trees. As in medical applications, extensive use can be
associated with the development of resistant strains.
- Streptomycin and
Rifampicin are potent antibiotic drugs. Streptomycin is broad spectrum
drug effective against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
However, its major use is as an anti-TB drug. Rifampicin also is used
extensively as an anti-TB drug but it is also used in treatment of
leprosy. As both the diseases are rampant in India, their importance can
not be over emphasized.
- India, today, is a
major producer of streptomycin.Consumption has stagnated and is likely
to decline in years to come. There is a considerable export market.
However, Indian price of about Rs.l 100 per kg. is way above the
international price. More potent drugs like rifampicin which are now
available, are likely reduce the demand for streptomycin.
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General
Information
- Antibiotic
- Streptomycin
- Streptomycin
sulfate
- Chemical database of
streptomycin
- Streptomycin-A highly
potent antibiotic
- Streptomycin Molecule
Production Process
- Streptomycin Production
- Preparation of
streptomycin
- Extraction and
purification of streptomycin
- Stimulation of
Streptomycin Production by a Series of Synthetic Organic
Compounds
- Nutritional
requirements of streptomyces griseus for the formation of
streptomycin
Biosynthesis
- Biosynthesis of
Streptomycin
- Streptomycin
Biosynthesis and Metabolism
- Streptomycin biosynthesis - Reference
pathway
- The Biosynthesis of
Streptomycin
- Biochemistry and
Regulation of Streptomycin and Mannosido -streptomycinase
Formation
- Streptomycin
Biosynthesis
- Studies on the
Biosynthesis of Streptomycin
Company
Profiles
-
- Holdipharma
- Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co.,
Ltd.
- Merck & Co., Inc.
- Morsef Pharmaceuticals
Private Limited
- North China
Pharmaceutical Huasheng Co., Ltd
Consultants
- Dennis I. Bojrab
- Robert Thomas
Sauer
- Roger W.
Jelliffe
- J K Aronson
- Yuen Kwok Yung
- Experts in
streptomycin
Material Safety Data
Sheet
- Streptomycin 17
- Francisella
tularensis
- Bac-Master
- Penicillin and
Streptomycin Solution
- Streptomycin
sulfate
- Vanguard® Plus 5
- Safety data for
streptomycin sulfate salt
Patent and Technology
- 2-deoxystreptomycin
- Covalent
microparticle-drug conjugates for biological targeting
- Transposon tagging of
genes in transformed plants
- Derivatives of
streptomycin and method of producing streptomycin derivatives by
mutational biosynthesis
- Variations in Strains
of streptomyces griseus Isolated from a Degenerating
Streptomycin-Producing Culture
- Prevention of Loss of
Streptomycin Production on Repeated Transfer of Streptomyces
griseus
- Effect of Penicillin on
Streptomycin Production by Streptomyces griseus
- Membrane-bound and
extracellular b-lactamase production with developmental regulation in
Streptomyces griseus
- Chemical method for the
determination of streptomycin in blood and spinal fluid
- Accumulation of
S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine Inhibits Sporulation in Streptomyces lividans
TK23
Projects
- Streptomycin Residues
in Orchard Canopies
- Pesticide Information
Project
- Sources and Acquisition
of Streptomycin Resistance in Erwinia amylovora, the Fire Blight
Pathogen
- Management of Diseases
of Tree Fruits; Fire Blight; Mildew
- Development of a rapid
screening method for the detection of multiple aminoglycosides
- Revenge of the
Microbes: How Bacterial Resistance Is Weakening the Antibiotic
Miracle
- The Rebuild and Expansion
Project of the Animal drugs Factory of Xinjiang Western Animal Husbandry
Co., Ltd.
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Functions and properties
- Locus of action of
streptomycin in the development of clostridia from spore inocula
- Acquisition of Certain
Streptomycin-Resistant Mutations Enhances Antibiotic Production in
Bacteria
- Bacteriostatic Action
of Streptomycin on Ribosomally Resistant Mutants of Salmonella
typhimurium
- Characterisation of
streptomycin resistance determinants in Lithuanian Escherichia coli
isolates
- Defective Lysis of
Streptomycin-Resistant Escherichia coli Cells Infected with
Bacteriophage f2
- Effect of Streptomycin
Deprivation on Enzyme
- Origin of the Guanidine
Groups in Streptomycin
- Isolation of
Streptomycin-Nonproducing Mutants Deficient in Biosynthesis of the
Streptidine Moiety
- Effect of Streptomycin
on Lipid Composition
- Streptomycin Resistance
in Mycobacteria
- Background, isolation,
properties, and utilization of streptomycin
- Tuberculostatic and
tuberculocidal properties of streptomycin
Products
- Streptomycin sulfate salt
- Penicillin-Streptomycin
Mixture
- Agri-mycin 17
agricultural streptomycin
- Penicillin − Streptomycin − Neomycin Solution
- Streptomycin
Sulfate
- EmbryoMax® ES Cell
Qualified Penicillin-Streptomycin Solution
Applications
- Streptomycin in the
treatment of bone joint tuberculosis
- Used to control fire
blight of fruit trees
- Uses of streptomycin in
urology
- Streptomycin
Applications to Control Walnut Blight Disease
- Effect of Streptomycin
and Isoniazid in Pulmonary Tuberculosis with and without Para-Amino
Salicylic Acid
- Practical application
of antibacterial drugs for the control of honey bee diseases
- Streptomycin Blood
Levels Following Inhalation of Steam Generated Aerosols
Market
- Overview of
streptomycin market
- Pesticide resistance:
Prevention and Management Strategies 2005
- Streptomycin
Wonders
- Drug market
- Drug Pricing
- Global Drug Facility
tender results
- Near-Term Market
Report
- Establishing links in
the regulation of antibiotic production
- Streptomycin and
Streptomycin Sulfate
- (Dihydro) Streptomycin/
Penicillin Combination Products and (Dihydro) Streptomycin
Products
- Sensitivity of the
tubercle bacillus to streptomycin before and during specific
therapy
- Streptomycin; Tolerance
Reassessment Decision
- Streptomycin in
Tuberculous Meningitis Report of a case
- Mycobacterium
tuberculosis Drug Resistance
- Report of the Food
Quality Protection Act Tolerance Reassessment Progress and Risk
Management Decision
for Streptomycin
- The Indian Journal of
Tuberculosis report
- Report on
Streptomycin
- Streptomycin- arrogance
and anger
- Gold standard for drugs
- Multi-Drug Resistant
Tuberculosis
Manufacturers and
Suppliers
- Ishita Pharma
- Streptomycin
exporters
- Streptomycin
suppliers
- Rx Medicine Suppliers
- Selling leads of
streptomycin
- Streptomycin
manufacturers
Safety and
Guides
- Guide for chemical
control of diseases and insects
- Environmental
Guidelines for Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
- Indications, dosage of
streptomycin
- Streptomycin- drug
information
- Streptomycin Sulfate-
drug information
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