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Benzidine
Introduction, Msds,
Patents, Process, Study, Company Profiles, Consultants, Reports
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- Benzidine is a
synthetic chemical that does not occur naturally. It is a
crystalline (sandy or sugar-like) solid that may be grayish-yellow,
white, or reddish-gray in color.
- Benzidine, the trivial
name for 4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, is the solid organic compound with
the formula (C6H4NH2)2. This aromatic amine is a component of a test
for cyanide and also in the production of dyes.
- Benzidine and
its congeners constitute a family of similar synthetic aromatic
amines which are important precursors in the synthesis of
dyes. Some of these dyes have the potential to metabolize to
aromatic amines that are considered to be carcinogenic.
- In the past, industry
used large amounts of benzidine to produce dyes for cloth, paper,
and leather. However, it has not been manufactured for sale in the
United States since the mid-1970s.
- Benzidine also has
other names, such as 4,4'-diphenylenediamine or Fast Corinth Base B
(a registered trade name).
- Benzidine and the
substituted benzidines find vide applications as an intermediate in
the dyestuff industries and are largely used in the synthesis of azo
dyes.
- Benzidine is prepared
in a two step process from nitrobenzene. First, the nitrobenzene is
converted to 1,2-diphenylhydrazine, usually using iron powder as the
reducing agent. Treatment of this hydrazine with mineral acids
induces a rearrangement reaction to 4,4'-benzidine. Smaller amounts
of other isomers are also formed. The benzidine rearrangement, which
proceeds intramolecularly,
is a classic mechanistic puzzle in organic chemistry.
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4,4-Diamino-1,1-biphenyl (benzidine) 1 is a well known compound,
which has been widely used in the past in different areas of
science. Molecules of this class were employed for a long time as
primary materials in the manufacture of azodyes.
- Benzidines also play
an important role in cell biology and clinical work as valuable
staining reagents. Due to its potential risks, research has been
carried out to develop analogues for biological and medical purpose.
- Benzidine - based dyes
are largely classified as direct dyes, since they may be applied
directly to fabrics or other substrates without pre-treatment or
without subsequent processes that firmly attach the dye to the
substrate.
- The majority of the
dye works in Hong Kong buy their dyes from Asian dye manufacturers,
primarily from China, Taiwan, India, Thailand and Southern Korea.
The main reason is the price differential between Western and Asian
dyes where the latter is approximately half - price.
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Introduction
- Benzidine and Dyes
Metabolized to Benzidine
- Benzidine Fate
- Benzidine and
benzidine-based dyes
- Public Health
Statement
- Benzidine
Msds
- Safety data for
benzidine
-
2,2'-Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine
- Benzidine-d8
- Diphenylamine
- O-Dianisidine
Dihyrochloride
- Benzidine
Patents
- Aryloxy p-benzidine
compounds
- Process for
manufacture of benzidine pigments
- Benzidine derivative
and electrophotosensitive material using the same
- Method for preparing
three types of benzidine compounds in a specific ratio
- Benzidine derivatives
and their preparation and use
- Process for making
benzidine and other arylamines
- Process for the
manufacture of benzidine
- Process for
manufacturing benzidine type compounds
- Method of purifying
benzidines
- Benzidine flakes
- Production of
benzidine and derivatives
Process
- Benzidines
- Benzidine From
Nitrobenzene
- Synthesis,
characterization and photophysical properties of benzidine-based
compounds
- Fundamental Processes
of Dye Chemistry
- On the Mechanism of
Staining Montmorillonite by Benzidine
- Oxidative Activation
of Benzidine and Its Derivatives by Peroxidases
- The effect of pressure
on the rate of the benzidine rearrangement
- Synthesis and
evaluation of organic pigments and intermediates
Uses
- Blood Detection by
chemical Methods
- Dyes Derived from
Benzidine and Its Congeners
- An Evaluation of
Tetramethylbenzidine as a Presumptive Test for Blood
- Forensics History of
Blood Analyzing
- Use of benzidine for
histological demonstration of haemoglobin in human bite marks
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Raw Material
Suppliers
- Caustic Soda Suppliers
- Hydrochloric Acid
Suppliers
- Litharge Suppliers
- Mixed Xylene Suppliers
- Nitrobenzene Suppliers
Study
- Adsorption and
Oxidation of Benzidine
- Biodegradation of
benzidine based dye Direct Blue-6
- Dye Metabolised
to Benzidine
- Factors Modulating
Benzidine Carcinogenicity Bioassay
- Interaction of
Benzidine with DNA
- Metabolism of
the Benzidine-Based Azo Dye Direct Black 38 by Human Intestinal
Microbiota
- Mutagenecity
studies of Benzidine and its Analogs
- A Study of the
sensitivity , stability and specificity of phenolphthalein as an
indicator test for blood
- Structural study of a
Benzidine - vermiculite
Consultant
- Company from Gujarat
- Company from India
- Company from New York
- Company from Virginia
- Company from
Washington
Risk
Assessment
- Hazard Information
- Biological Effects of
Benzidine Based Dyes
- Risk Evaluation
- Toxicological
Profile for Benzidine
- Dyestuffs: Safe
handling in textile finishing
Manufacturers
and Suppliers
- Benzidine Suppliers
- List of Suppliers
- Chinese Suppliers
- Worldwide Suppliers
- Suppliers of Benzidine
- Company from China
- Company from Mumbai
Market and
Report
- Benzidine based dyes
- Production
- A Personal history of
the Benzidine Rearrangement
- Summary of Information
Critical to Assessment of "Toxic"
- Benzidine and its
salts: supporting documentation provided by Switzerland
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