- Hydroquinone, also
benzene-1,4-diol or quinol, is an aromatic organic compound which is a
type of phenol, having the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2.
- Hydroquinone are one
of the two primary reagents in the defensive glands of bombardier
beetles, along with hydrogen peroxide, which collect in a
reservoir.
- Hydroquinone can
undergo mild oxidation to convert to the compound para benzo quinone,
C6H4O2, often called p-quinone or simply quinone.
- Reduction of quinone
reverses this reaction back to hydro quinone.
- Some biochemical
compounds in nature have this sort of hydroquinone or quinone section in
their structures, such as Coenzyme Q, and can undergo similar redox
inter conversions.
- The hydroxyl groups
of hydroquinone are quite weakly acidic.
- Hydroquinone can
lose an H+ from one of the hydroxyls to form a mono pheno late ion or
lose an H+ from both to form a diphenolate ion.
- The redox cycle of
2,5-dimethoxybenzoquinone (2,5-DMBQ) is proposed as a source of reducing
equivalent for the regeneration of Fe2 and H2O2 in brown rot fungal
decay of wood.
- Oxalate has also
been proposed to be the physiological iron reductant.
- The reaction of
hematite with quinones and the quinone moieties of larger molecules may
be an important factor in limiting the rate of reductive dissolution,
especially by iron-reducing bacteria.
- Hydroquinone-moieties were used as the redox centers.
- They were
incorporated into humic structures using formaldehyde condensation at
different monomer-to-humic ratios to obtain materials of different
reducing properties.
- Hydroquinone has a
variety of uses principally associated with its action as a reducing
agent which is soluble in water.
- It is a major
component in most photographic developers where, with the compound
Metol, it reduces silver halides to elemental silver.
- The di sodium
diphenolate salt of hydroquinone is used as an alternating comonomer
unit in the production of the polymer Peek.
- As a polymerization
inhibitor, hydroquinone prevents polymerization of acrylic acid, methyl
methacrylate, etc.
- It is also used as a
raw material of herbicides, rubber antioxidants and dye
stuffs.
- Hydroquinone is used
as a topical application in skin whitening to reduce the color of skin
as it does not have the same predisposition to cause dermatitis as Metol
does.
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Introduction
- Hydroquinone
- What is
hydroquinone
- Hydroquinone
Process
- Eastman Hydroquinone
& Hydroquinone Derivatives
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Electron Transfer Process Between
Hydroquinone & Iron Oxides
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Zero kinetic energy photoelectron
spectroscopic investigations of hydroquinone isomers
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Direct Simultaneous Electrochemical
Determination of Hydroquinone and Catechol at a Poly(glutamic acid)
Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
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Hydroquinone
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Spectrophotometric Determination of
Hydroquinone and Phenidone in First Developers
Applications
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Catalytic hydroxylation of phenol over Cu-ZSM-5
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The
Use of Hydroquinone
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A new
model for vitamin K-dependent carboxylation The catalytic base that
deprotonates vitamin K hydroquinone is not Cys but an activated
amine
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Mechanism of color Reversion in Mechanical Pulps
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Hydroquinone
MSDS
Hydroquinone
Hydroquinone
Hydroquinone Laboratory
Grade, Crystal
Hydroquinone
Safety data
for hydroquinone
Regulations
-
Hydroquinone
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Maximum Exposure Limit For
Hydroquinone
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Regulations Governing the sale of
cosmetics Containing Hydroquinone, Mercury& lead.
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Hydroquinone Health, Safety,
Environmental Information
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Risk Management For
Hydroquinone
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Cosmetic Products Safety
Regulations
Patent
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Chlorination Of Hydroquinone
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Hydroquinone Derivative &
Pharmaceutical use Thereof
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Linear Hydroquinone Phenoxy Polymers
& Process
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Process For the Purification of
Monotertiarybutyl Hydroquinone
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Hydroquinone Process
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Uses of Hydroquinone Substituted
Polyunsaturated fatty acid as antioxidants
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Technology
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The benzene
metabolite hydroquinone enhances G2-chromosomal radio sensitivity by
inducing a less-efficient G2-M-checkpoint in irradiated
lymphocytes
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Electrocatalytic Response of Hydroquinone and Catechol at
Polyglycine Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
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Effect of pH
and Oxalate on Hydroquinone-Derived Hydroxyl Radical Formation during
Brown Rot Wood Degradation
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Hydroquinone Redox System in the Photo Yellowing of Mechanical
Pulps
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Purification and Characterization of a Tetrachloro-p-
Hydroquinone Reductive Dehalogenase
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Reaction of hydroquinone with hematite I. Study of adsorption by
electro chemical-scanning tunneling microscopy and X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy
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Reduction of actinides in higher oxidation states by
hydroquinone-enriched humic derivatives
Product
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Hydroquinone USP 4% Cream Skin
Bleaching Cream
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Remergent Hydroquinone
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Revenir Hydroquinone
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Dermelect Cosmeceuticals Introduces
Lightening and Brightening Products That Are Safe and Effective
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Skin-bleaching products and other
cosmetics from ethnic shops / hydroquinone, kojic acid, arbutin,
preservatives and declaration
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Hydroquinone-free skin
Hazards
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Hydroquinone report
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Hazard Summary
Hydroquinone and its analogues in
dermatology – a potential health risk
Chronic Hydroquinone Poisoning of the
Skin from Skin-Lightening Cosmetics
Report
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FDA Proposes Hydroquinone Ban
European Pharma Grade
Member giving
kicks off Furthering Excellence in Dermatology Endowment
Consultants
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Consultant From Egypt
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Consultant From Pittsburgh
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Consultant From US
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Consultant From USA
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Hydroquinone Expert
Order the CD ROM Today
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