Erbium
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Project at a Glance Contents on the CD ROM
  • A Chemical Element in the Lanthanide Series with Symbol Er and atomic number 68.
  • A Silvery White solid metal and it is always naturally found in chemical combination with other elements on earth.
  • When Erbium metal is readily oxidize in air and burns to form Erbium Oxide.
  • Erbium was discovered in 1843 by a Swedish chemist named Carl Gustav Mosander.
  • A soft, malleable, lustrous, silvery metal. Its salts are rose coloured and it has a sharp adsorption spectra in visible, ultraviolet & infrared light.
  • The wavelength of erbium-emitted light at 1530nm falls very close to the ideal wavelength (1550nm) for minimal signal loss in optical fibers. 
  • Erbium metal reacts with all halogens (F2, Cl2, Br2, I2) and is quite electropositive which reacts slowly with cold water and when reacts with hot water to form erbium hydroxide.
  • One of the more abundant rare-earth elements. The main mining areas are China and US.
  • Used to amplify fibre optics allowing the light signal to travel long distances
    without the need of externally boosting the signal.
  • A doping agent in optical fibres, where it enables the fibre to be optically
    pumped to act as an amplifier for signals passing through it (i.e. erbium doped fibre amplifiers or EDFAs).
  • Erbium occurs in the Earth's crust at an average concentration of 3 parts per million and is used in nuclear technology in neutron-absorbing control rods.
  • As a Photographic Filter and because of its resilience it is useful as a metallurgical additive.
  • Due to its pink colour, erbium is sometimes used as a glass and porcelain enamel glaze colorant.
  • When Occur in natural, Erbium is composed of 6 stable isotopes such as 162Er,164Er,166Er,167Er,168Er and 170Er.
  • Erbium iodide is used as a heat and light stabilizer for nylon fabrics and Erbium selenide is used in infrared detection and imaging.
  • Application in metallurgy includes that when is added to vanadium alloys  improve their workability and lower their hardness and is alloyed with nickel to form an alloy  is used in cryocoolers.

Technology

  • Erbium-Er.
  • Erbium in an SiO2 Crystal.
  • Fundamental Erbium Laser Concepts.
  • Characterization of an Erbium Atomic Beam.
  • Element Erbium.
  • Erbium Resource & Production.
  • Rare Earth Element: Erbium.

MSDS

  • Erbium MSDS.
  • Erbium Oxide.
  • Erbium Foil.
  • Erbium (III) oxide.
  • 1000 mg/L Erbium.
  • Erbium Oxide, 99.99+%.
  • Erbium rod, ingot.
  • Erbium Oxide Data Sheet.
  • 10 μg/mL Erbium in 2% HNO3.

Properties

  • Photoluminescence Properties of Trivalent Erbium.
  • Spectroscopic properties of Pr3+-doped erbium oxalate crystals.
  • Erbium emission properties in Nano structured fibers.
  • Properties of Erbium.

Products

  • Erbium doped Fibre Amplifier.
  • Erbium-Doped Fiber.
  • Erbium: YAG Laser
  • EFA Series-Amplifiers.
  • DrakaElite - Erbium Fiber Family.

Effects

  • Complications of Variable-Pulsed Erbium.
  • Effect of erbium doping on the defect structure of GaSb crystals.
  • Erbium doping effects on the conduction band edge in germanium nanocrystals.
  • Effects of growth pressure on erbium doped GaN
    infrared emitters.

Patent

  • Manufacturing of high-purity Erbium.
  • Erbium Sputtering Target.
  • Wideband Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier.
  • Erbium Fiber Laser Current Monitor.
  • Erbium Doped Planar Optical Device.
  • Erbium Laser Device.
  • Erbium & Ytterbium Co-Doped Phosphate Glass Optical Fiber Amplifiers.

Company Profile & Consultancy

  • Company1 from China.
  • Company2 from China.
  • Company from USA.
  • Company from Australia.
  • Expert from New York.

Suppliers

  • List of Suppliers.
  • Suppliers List1.
  • Suppliers List2.
  • Supplier from China.
  • Supplier from USA.

Report

  • Erbium Skin Resurfacing.
  • Upconversion processes in Erbium Doped Microspheres.
  • Rare Earth Elements.
  • Erbium laser: the Star Wars of dentistry.
  • Rare Earth Stocks in Classic Uptrends.

Study

  • Erbium-doped fiber lasers as deep-sea hydrophones.
  • An erbium-doped micro disk laser on a silicon chip.
  • Erbium: Concurrent Intermediate for Portable and Scalable Performance.
  • Erbium & Thulium Doped Planar Amplifier Materials.
  • Erbium doped silicon single & multilayer structures for LED.
  • Temperature dependent luminescence in erbium doped zinc tellurite glass.
  • Eye-Safe Erbium Glass Laser Transmitter Study.
  • Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser - Function of the Input Pump Polarization State.

Market

  • Rare Earth Elements - Supply Chain.
  • Rare Earth Market.
  • Growing Demand for Rare Earths.
  • Standard Price List for Erbium.
  • Erbium Oxide Market Report.

Uses

  • Erbium-Doped Fibers for Use in Optical Amplifiers.
  • Erbium Doped Fiber for High Power Applications.
  • Novel Use of Erbium: YAG (2,940-nm) Laser.
  • Erbium: YAG Laser
    Treatment.

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