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Plutonium
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- Plutonium is a heavy gray,
metal
- It look rather like nickel
when freshly machined.
- In air it discolors and soon
begins to look like tarnished silver; it turns black. The rate of
tarnishing depends on the particular alloy of plutonium and atmospheric
humidity, but might typically occur within a day. in a few days then
corrosion layer thickness, turns olive-colored, and flakes off as
plutonium oxide
- plutonium metal in pieces
like the one shown here is not pyrophoric .it does not burn
spontaneously in air
- Its density 19.86 g/cm3, a
little greater than gold.
- At room temperature
plutonium is in its α form
(alpha). This, the most common structural
form of the element (allotrope), is about as hard and brittle as grey
cast iron unless it is alloyed with other metals to make it soft and
ductile. Unlike most metals, it is not a good conductor of heat or
electricity. It has a low melting point (640 °C) and an unusually high
boiling point (3,327 °C).
- Plutonium is an element in
which the 5f electrons are the transition border
between delocalized
and localized; it is therefore considered one of the most
complex
elements.
- It is a radioactive
actinide metal whose isotope,
plutonium-239, is one of the three
primary fissile isotopes (uranium-233
and uranium-235 are the other
two) plutonium-241 is also highly fissile. To be considered fissile, an
isotope's atomic nucleus must be able to break
apart or fission when
struck by a slow moving neutron, and to release enough
additional
neutrons in the process to sustain the nuclear chain reaction
by
splitting further nuclei.
- Plutonium-238 is a special
material that emits steady
heat due to its natural radioactive decay.
Several unique features of plutonium-238 have made it the material of
choice to help produce electrical power for more than
two-dozen U.S.
space missions that have been enabled by radioisotope power systems
(RPS).
- For use as fuel in an RPS,
Pu-238 is processed with other materials into a ceramic form called
plutonium dioxide. In the
unlikely event of a launch or reentry
accident that released the fuel, this ceramic form—similar to the
material in a coffee mug—
would break primarily into large,
non-inhalable pieces rather than fine particles that could be harmful to
human health or the
environment.
- Plutonium application: fuel
for nuclear reactors, explosive for nuclear weapons, neutron source,
isotopic power source, isotopic heat source, in the past power source
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General
- Learning about
plutonium
- EPA Facts
About
Plutonium
- Radioactive Properties of
Key Plutonium Isotopes
- plutonium enters the
environment
- Physical,nuclear,and
chemical properties of plutonium
Technology
- Deposition of separate
plutonium
- North Korea’s Estimated
Stocks of Plutonium and Weapon
- The first nuclear reactor
the production of plutonium and its chemical extraction
- The Hydrogen Bomb
- plutonium flights
- Plutonium and Bombs
Products
Uses
- Converting Russian
plutonium
- Uses of plutonium
- Plutonium in Use
From
single atoms to multiton amounts
- Plutonium as an energy
source
Project
- Unprecedented Projected
Nuclear Growth in the Middle East
- The Rise and Fall of
Plutonium Breeder Reactors
Mining
- The Proliferation Risks
of
Plutonium Mines
- Plutonium and U-233
mines
Msds
- Radiation Safety Data
Sheet
- Msds of plutonium
- Material Safety Data
Sheet
for Plutonium
Fact
sheet
- Fact sheet on
plutonium
- plutonium fact sheet
Patent
- Method of co extracting
neptunium and plutonium
- Process for producing
plutonium
- Process for producing
ultra-pure plutonium-238
- Method for dissolving
plutonium-containing nuclear fuels
- Purification of
plutonium
- Molten salt fuels with high
plutonium solubility
- Solvent extraction process
for plutonium
Guideline
- Guide for good practices for
occupational radiological production in plutonium facilities
News
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Study
- Grade Plutonium
- Plutonium isotopic analysis
using PC/FRAM
- The Proliferation
Consequences of Global Stocks of Separated Civil Plutonium
- Toxicological profile for
plutonium
- Plutonium Isotopic
Composition by Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy
- Radiochemistry of
plutonium
- Plutonium
Transportation
- Characteristics of
plutonium
- Thermal Stability Studies of
Candidate Decontamination Agents for Hanford’s Plutonium Finishing Plant
Plutonium-Contaminated Glove boxes
Company Profile
Report
- Material control and
accountability
- Global Fissile
Material
Report 2011
- Plutonium Contamination in
the Zero Power Physics Reactor Facility
- An introduction on
plutonium
- NIST Ionizing Radiation
Safety Committee
Initial Report of Plutonium Contamination at NIST
Boulder
- Flour Hanford
Plutonium
Finishing Plant
- Radiation Damage Effects in
Candidate Ceramics for Plutonium Immobilization
- Overview of Plutonium and
Its Health Effects
- International
Plutonium
Management
- Management of the UK's
plutonium stocks
Market
Supplier
Process
- Plutonium processing al
Alamos
- Plutonium Processing
in
the Nuclear
Weapons Complex
- Assessing Iran's plutonium
reprocessing capabilities
- Process flow sheet
document
- Plutonium production
- History of military
plutonium production
- Plutonium
purification
and dispatch
Effect
- A Perspective on the Dangers
of Plutonium
- The Health Risks of
Plutonium
- Disposition of excess weapon
grade plutonium-problem and prospects
- The Human Plutonium
Injection Experiments
- Public health
statement
- Health effects
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