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Barley is a short-season, early maturing crop
grown commercially in both irrigated and in dry land environments
Between 1994 and 2003, US barley production averaged nearly 320 million bushels per year, with an estimated annual value of nearly $760 million as a raw agricultural commodity Barley is used commercially for animal feed, to produce malt (an important ingredient in beer production), for seed and for human food applications. Approximately 51 percent of the barley crop consumed in the US is used for animal feed. Forty-four percent is used for malt production, 3 percent as seed and 2 percent for food products. In addition to domestic use of barley, exports of the grain averaged about $155 million for barley and its milled products, $44 million for malt and malt extracts and $269 million for beer between 1991 and 2000. Malt is produced by steeping barley (or other grain) in water until it germinates and then roasting and crushing it in a mill. It is used in brewing and distilling, and in malted milk drinks. Malt has a high protein and carbohydrate content. Any cereal grain (rye, wheat, rice, corn, etc) may be used to produce malt, but barley is by far the most frequently used. Malt for malted milk powder uses both barley and wheat. The U.S. produces a wide range of malting barley varieties, including both 2-row and 6-row, that are favored not only by the North American industry, but by maltsters and brewers around the world. The largest export market for U.S. malting barley is Mexico. Sales also have been made in recent years to Canada, China, EU, Japan and South Africa. |
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