- A
light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor diode that emits
incoherent narrow-spectrum light when electrically biased in the
forward direction of the p-n junction. This effect is a form of
electroluminescence. An LED is usually a small area source,
often with extra optics added to the chip that shapes its
radiation pattern. The color of the emitted light depends on the
composition and condition of the semi conducting material used,
and can be infrared, visible, or near-ultraviolet.
- LED chips
and wafers :-
The semiconductor chip consists of active layers that emit the
light and the substrate, which supports the structure and upon
which the active layers are grown. As with computing chips, they
are produced in wafer form and then cut into chips.
- Packaged
LEDs
The LED package provides the following functions:
protects the semi-conductor,
provides contacts for the electronics, provides basic optics to
direct light as required, and converts the narrow spectrum light
from the diode into broad spectrum white light, typically by
using a phosphor.
- Lighting
modules:
The LED package is integrated into a module with the power and
controlling electronics and additional optics. The module may
contain more than one LED package to produce the required lumen
output.
- Lamps and
lighting systems:
The module is then integrated with the rest of the lighting
system. It varies significantly
depending on the application, but will generally consist of at
least one LED module, a heatsink, the luminaire (lighting
fixture) and the control system.
- Blue LEDs
are based on the wide band gap semiconductors GaN (gallium
nitride) and InGaN (indium gallium nitride). They can be added
to existing red and green LEDs to produce the impression of
white light, though white LEDs today rarely use this principle.
Ultraviolet LEDs are becoming available on the market, in a
range of wavelengths. Most "white" LEDs in production today are
based on an InGaN-GaN structure, and emit blue light of
wavelengths between 450 nm and 470 nm blue Ga.
-
Originally, LEDs were available in three colors: Red, Green, and
Amber (Blue could not be produced), but were typically used for
indoor systems because of intensity and durability limitations
for use outdoors. As technology improved manufacturers were able
to produce displays that had the intensity and long life
required for outdoor use, but were limited in viewing angle.
- First
there was Liquid Crystal Display technology (LCD) then there was
plasma, then Surface-conduction Electron-emitter (SED). Now
these three are about to be joined by a fourth flat screen
technology, one that has the potential of being the roll-up,
wallpaper screen of fiction. It's called OLED or Organic Light
Emitting Diode technology and it promises to revolutionize
almost everything that uses displays from cell phones, PDAs and
keyboards, to computer monitors and HDTVs.
- The
Project to manufacture Packaged LEDs comes under high
technology electronic domain and has very wide applications and
market
- According
to some consultants,the project can be accomplished by getting
the technology and equipments from the dominant players in the
world now and the Investment required to put up a plant will be
in the order of about one million USD
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General
Information
- LED -
Basics
- LED
Information
Products
-
SSL - Solid State Lighting spanning the
visible spectrum
- White LED
Products
- LED
Displays, Bulbs and Panels
- LED
Illuminated Electric Handle
- LED
Products
-
Luxem Lamp HB LED
-
Luxeon® LEDs & Products
-
Novelty Items
- Round LED
Lamp
- Hyperion
LED Lamps
- LED
Traffic Signal Modules
- Cree
Launches XLamp LED Product Line
Technology
-
Deposition Technology
-
Technical profile
- Imprint
Lithography Advances in LED Manufacturing
- LED
Lighting Controller integrates with Ethernet Interface
- LED
Assemblies Manufacturing Technologies
- Technology
Challenges
- Fundamentals of Light Emitting Diode Technology
- OLED TV - An Emerging Technology
Patent
- LED Array
and LED Module
- LED Lamp
Construction
- LED Head
- High power
LED
- LED
Illuminator
- LED and
LED Lamp
- LED Lamp
and LED Lamp Manufacturing Method
- Light
Mixing Package
- LED Lamp
Package for Packaging an LED Driver with an LED
- LED Lamp
Manufacturing Process
- LED
Flashlight with Replaceable LED
- LED and
LED Light Source
Circuits
-
60 Watt Lamp
- Ultra
Bright LED Lamp
- Dimmer
- Home Built
LED Lighting
- White LED
Head Lamp
-
LED Lamp
Manufacturing process
- Silicon
Carbide Light Emitting Diode Fabrication and Characterization
-
Fabrication of Gallium Nitride Micro-Cavity Light Emitting
Diodes
-
High-density organic light emitting diodes by nanoimprint
technology
- LEDs
- Design and
Characterization of Organic Light Emitting Diodes with
Microcavity Structure
- Novel
cathode structure for light-emitting diodes
- Organic
Light Emitting Diodes
- Electronic
Paper
- Light
Emitting Diodes (LEDs) for General Illumination
-
Light-Emitting Diode (LED) manufacturing process
- Bulk
Ammonia Supply Solutions for LED Manufacturing
- White
organic light-emitting diodes prepared by a fused organic solid
solution method
Plant
Details
- Innovation
leader Horsch
opens new plant
-
Manufacturing plant
-
- Ness
Display Sets Up Manufacturing Facility
- Texas
Instruments Builds Chip-Fab Plant
- Universal
Display, Novaled Announce Development of Record-Breaking Red
PHOLED Devices
- Yonezawa
Plant Outline
|
Projects
-
Project Information
-
Project Outline - China
-
Consultant - Project report
-
Project Engineering Consultant
- Low Cost,
High Efficiency Chip Scale LED Lamp
- Light
Emitting Diode (Lighting Systems)
- Led
Moonlighting Project
- Inorganic
Light Emitting Diode (LED) Developments and Applications in
Japan
- Rensselaer-Led Project To Improve Traffic Management Garners
National Recognition
- Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Traffic Signal Retrofit Project
Market
- Analyst
Identifies 'Critical Crossroads' for LED Market
- Displays
and consumer electronics borrow from nature
- The global
automotive exterior LED market
- LED market
lights up
- Bright
future for OLEDs, report predicts
- OLED
Investment
- IFC
project stimulates LED market for off-grid lighting
-
White LED lamp
market brightens
Machinery
- LED Lamp
production machinery suppliers
- Die Bonder
- Plastic
Injection Molding Machine
-
Microscopes
- Optomistic
Products
- Bonder
Machines
Raw
Materials
- Gallium
Arsenide Wafers
- Ammonia
Suppliers
- Diamond
Suppliers
-
Gallium Suppliers
- Germanium
Suppliers
- Germanium
Manufacturers
-
Kyma Technologies Offers Gallium Nitride
and Aluminum Nitride Template Product Line
- Lead
Sulphide Suppliers
- Nitrogen
Suppliers
- Nitrogen
Suppliers from India
- Sapphire
Suppliers
- Zinc
selenide Suppliers
- Silicon
Suppliers
- Silicon
Carbide Supplies
- Silicone
suppliers
- Tellurium
Suppliers
- Tellurium
Manufacturers
- Ammonia -
Suppliers in the UK
- Zinc
Selenide Manufacturers
Company
Profiles
- Chinese
Company
- California
Company
- American
Company
- Italian
Company
- UK Company
- USA
Company
- Indian
Company
-
Lucky Light
- Japanese
Company
- Company
from China
- Taiwan
Company
- LED
Manufacturer
- Missouri
Company
- Another
Company from China
Manufacturers and Suppliers
- LED
Manufacturers
- Global
manufacturers of a wide range of Standard LEDs and
Optoelectronics
- LED Lamps
Suppliers
- LED Lamp
Manufacturers
- Chinese
Suppliers
- LED
Manufacturers' Web Sites
-
Photodiodes & Detectors
Report
- Energy
Savings Estimates of Light Emitting Diodes in Niche Lighting
Applications
-
Lightscape Technologies to Introduce New LED Products at Hong
Kong International Lighting Fair 2007
- Market
Assessment
-
Grote Industries Partners with Henkel for Advanced LED Lighting
Solution
-
Seoul Semiconductor Unveils LED at 420
Lumens
- Cree and
Raleigh, North Carolina, Launch Nation’s First “LED City” with
Cost-Saving Municipal Lighting
- LED
Lighting for cavers
- Technology
Assessment of Light Emitting Diodes (LED)
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