Organic acids
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Benzoic acid .Formic Acid . Isobutyric Acid . Perfluorooctanoic acid . Hexanoic acid . Trifluoroacetic acid

Project at a Glance

Contents on the CD Rom

• An organic acid is an organic compound with acidic properties.
• The most common organic acids are the carboxylic acids, whose acidity is associated with their carboxyl group –COOH. Sulfonic acids, containing the group –SO2OH, are relatively stronger acids.
• The relative stability of the conjugate base of the acid determines its acidity.
• Other groups can also confer acidity, usually
  weakly: –OH, –SH, the enol group, and the phenol group.
• In biological systems, organic compounds
  containing these groups are generally referred to as organic acids.
• Simple organic acids like formic or acetic acids are used for oil and gas well stimulation treatments.
• These organic acids are much less reactive with metals than are strong mineral acids like
  hydrochloric acid (HCl) or mixtures of HCl and hydrofluoric acid (HF).
• For this reason, organic acids are used at high temperatures or when long contact times between acid and pipe are needed.
• The conjugate bases of organic acids such as citrate and lactate are often used in biologically-compatible buffer solutions.
• Organic acids are used in food preservation
  because of their effects on bacteria.
• The key basic principle on the mode of action of organic acids on bacteria is that non-dissociated (non-ionized) organic acids can penetrate the bacteria cell wall and disrupt the normal physiology of certain types of bacteria that we call pH- sensitive, meaning that they cannot tolerate a wide
  internal and external pH gradient.
• Organic acids have been used successfully in pig production for more than 25 years.
  Although less research has been done in poultry, organic acids have also been found to be effective in poultry production.
• Organic acids are widely distributed in nature as normal constituents of plants or animal tissues. They are also formed through microbial fermentation of carbohydrates mainly in the large intestine.
• They are sometimes found in their sodium,
  potassium, or calcium salts, or even stronger double salts.
• Organic acids are important in characterizing the flavor of fruit juices. Their presence and
  concentration determine tartness and other flavor attributes.
• In some cases, it is necessary to determine organic acids to assess whether an
  expensive juice has been illegally adulterated with a cheaper juice.
• Organic acids have a clear
  and significant benefit in weanling piglets and have been observed to benefit poultry performance.
• Organic acids have antimicrobial activity; however, there appear to be effects of organic acids beyond those attributed to antimicrobial activity. Reductions in bacteria are associated with feeding organic acids, which are particularly effective against acid-intolerant species such as E. coli,
  Salmonella and Campylobacter.
• Both antibiotics and organic acids improve protein and energy
  digestibilities by reducing microbial competition with the host for nutrients and endogenous nitrogen losses, by lowering the incidence of subclinical infections and secretion of immune mediators, and by reducing production of ammonia and other growth-depressing microbial metabolites.
• Organic acids have several additional effects that go beyond those of antibiotics. These include reduction
  in digesta pH, increased pancreatic secretion, and trophic effects on the gastrointestinal mucosa.
• Much more is known about these effects in swine than in poultry.
• In fact, the organic acids associated with specific antimicrobial activity are short-chain acids (C1–C7) and are either simple monocarboxylic acids such as formic, acetic, propionic and butyric acids, or are carboxylic acids bearing an hydroxyl group (usually on the α carbon) such as lactic, malic,
  tartaric, and citric acids.

Synthesis

• Anion channel sensitivity to cytosolic organic acids implicates a central role for oxaloacetate in integrating ion flux with metabolism in stomatal guard cells
• Seeing Glutathione Status in Organic Acid Results
• Organic Acid Specificity for Acid-Induced ATP Synthesis by Isolated Chloroplasts
• Synthesis and Characterization of Poly (Lactic Acid) for Use in Biomedical Field

Technology

• Application of electrodialysis to the production of organic acids: State-of-the-art and recent developments
• Production of organic acids in an immobilized cell reactor using Propionibacterium acidi-propionici
• Chromatography Application Notes
• Production of organic acids by bipolar electrodialysis: realizations and perspectives

Test

• Organix Urine Organic Acids Test by Metametrix Clinical Laboratory
• 4 Reasons to get an Organic acids test done
• Organic Acid Testing
• Organic Acids Test (OAT)
• Organic Acid Test For Autism
• Organic Acid Testing: An Innovative Preventive Health Test
• Microbial Organic Acids Test (MOAT)
• Organic Acids Test (OAT)

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