- The thirty rare earth
elements are composed of the lanthanide and actinide series. One element
of the lanthanide series and most of the elements in the actinide series
are called trans-uranium, which means synthetic or man-made. All of the
rare earth metals are found in group 3 of the periodic table, and the
6th and 7th periods. The Rare Earth Elements are made up of two series
of elements, the Lanthanide and Actinide Series.
- As one of the preferred
methods for simultaneous multi-element determination, inductively
coupled plasma atomic emission
spectrometry (ICP-AES) has been widely
applied to the determination of trace elements in various materials.1–5
Yet, its use in analyses of complex samples for elements at trace or
ultra-trace levels is still limited, owing to insufficient sensitivity
and matrix effects.6–8 Therefore, methods of ICP-AES associated with the
separation and preconcentration procedures are needed.9 The
solvent-extraction technique is an effective approach for the
preconcentration of detecting elements and the separation of matrix
elements; also, the presence of organic solvent may improve the
nebulization and transported efficiencies.
- RARE earth minerals
always contain both rare earths and non–rare earths including more or
less radioactive elements, and thus, the green metallurgy of rare earths
is difficult as compared with other metals.[1] Bastnaesite is mainly a
fluorocarbonate of light rare earths and contains only 0.1 to 0.3 wt pct
of thorium; thus, it is an important rare earth source based on
radioactivity safety considerations.[1]
- At present, bastnaesite
concentrate is commonly treated by calcination-acid dissolution or
directly by acid dissolution or alkaline roasting for rare earth
extraction,[1] but these processes require complicated operations and
result in a large amount of low-concentration thorium-containing slag
and wastewater, which cannot meet the requirement of thorium effluent
standard.
- A new solvent
extraction configuration allows this. After separating Sm and higher
rare earths, aqueous feed containing light rare earths undergoes solvent
extraction with cation exchange or solvating extractants. Pr, Nd and a
fraction of the Ce appropriate for the final application is extracted.
La and residual Ce are recovered from the raffinate. The loaded organic
undergoes selective stripping, yielding an aqueous stream containing Ce,
Pr, and some of the Nd. The Nd remaining in the partially stripped
organic can be recovered as a high purity product. The proportions of Nd
reporting to the mixed feed and the pure stream can be adjusted by
operating parameters, allowing flexible response to product
specifications and market economics.
- Rare earths were mined
by one company in 2002. Bastnäsite, a rare-earth fluocarbonate mineral,
was mined as a primary product at Mountain Pass, CA. The United States
was a leading producer and processor of rare earths and continued to be
a major exporter and consumer of rare-earth products. Domestic ore
production was valued at an estimated $28 million. The estimated value
of refined rare earths consumed in the United States was more than $1
billion. The approximate distribution in 2001 by end use was as follows:
glass polishing and ceramics, 34%; petroleum refining catalysts, 16%;
automotive catalytic converters, 15%;
metallurgical additives and
alloys, 14%; rare-earth phosphors for lighting, televisions, computer
monitors, radar, and
X-ray intensifying film, 9%; permanent magnets,
8%; and other, 4%.
- Altec Lansing
Technologies, Inc., a leader in the market for personal computer
speakers, has introduced two computer speaker systems that use neodymium
and blend the art of sound with the beauty of design.
- The paper will outline
the economic importance of industrial minerals and how they are relevant
to the European economy. Reference will be made to the mine to market
supply chain, and the wide range of end use markets and their relative
value to the Europe’s economy as a whole. It will be emphasised that
without successful industrial minerals development, these markets would
not perform economically and competitively. Recent trends and
developments in the world trade of industrial minerals and the EU
enlargement will be highlighted.
- First medical
applications were described for rare earths. These days, the uses of
rare earth elements have exceeded technical and agricultural areas and
are becoming part of medicine. Comprising many biochemical and
pharmacological properties of clinical relevance, lanthanides have been
of great interest for medical purposes. They have been shown to act as
antimicrobial, anticoagulant, cytotoxic and phosphate-binding
substances, while most of their effects are ascribed to their influence
on Ca2+ - depending processes, which may also be involved in certain
diseases.
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General Information
- Rare Earth
Elements
- Rare Earth Elements and
their Isotopes
- Source of the
Rare-Earth Element Peak in r-Process Nucleosynthesis
- The Periodic
Table
Company
Profile
- China Rare Earth
Holdings Ltd.
- BaoTou Golden
Rare Earth Biological Application Ltd.
- The Shin-Etsu Group
- AMR Technologies
Inc.
- Chengdu Henry Advanced Materials
- Great Western Minerals
Group Ltd
- Guangzhou Toption
Nonferrous Metals Imp. And Exp. Corporation
- Baotou
Consultants
- CMC, Inc.
- CRU Strategies
- Southern Geoscience
Consultants
- Stratum Resources Aust
– Asia Consultancy Services
- Umaco
Gold
Processing
- Determination of Rare
Earth Elements in Geological Samples
- Rare Earth
Extraction from Bastnaesite
- Crystallization of
mixed rare earth (didymium) molybdates in silica gel
- Membrane Solvent
Extraction of Some Rare Earth Elements
- Separation and
Processing of Rare Earths
- Extraction of
Rare-Earth Elements from Nitric Acid Solutions
- Extraction of heavy
rare-earths and yttrium
Products
- Rare Earth
Products
- Rare Earth Products of
Cathay Advanced Materials Limited
- MAGCRAFT® Brand Rare Earth Neodymium
Magnets
- Products of Rare Earth
Elements
- Rare earth products for Industrial, Research and
Artistic
- Rare Earth
Compounds
Product
- Products of Rare Earth
Metals
Projects
- Amalgamated Rare Earth Uranium
Project
- BaoTou Rare Earth Hi-Tech Zone Cooperative
Project
- India’s Gas Centrifuge
Program: Stopping Illicit Procurement and the Leakage of Technical
Centrifuge Know-How
- Life cycle
environmental
assessment of rare earth magnesium
alloys for
automotive applications
- The Nolans Rare
Earths-Phospate-Uranium Project
- Mawson Stakes
Swedish Uranium Rare Earth Project
- The MMAJ Rare Earth R
& D Project
- Rare Earth Metals
Corp’s
Manitoba Projects
- High-Performance Nanocomposite Rare Earth Permanent
Magnets
Production
- Direct Production of
Mixed, Rare Earths- Oxide Feed
- Domestic Production of
Rare Earth Elements in 2002
- Domestic Production of
Rare Earth Elements in 2003
- Domestic Production of
Rare Earth Elements in 2004
- Domestic Production of
Rare Earth Elements in 2005
- Domestic Production of
Rare Earth Elements in 2006
- Domestic survey data
and the world production tables in 2003
- Domestic survey data
and the world production tables in 2004
- Domestic survey data
and the world production tables in 2005
- rare-earth element
Sources and
extraction
Technology
- Inductively Coupled
Plasma and Nuclear Analytic Techniques
- Influence of Rare Earth
Elements on the Corrosion Resistance of
Fe-Cr-Ni Thermal Sprayed
Coatings
- Critical Resources for
High Technology
- A Rare-Earth Approach
to Tracing Soil Erosion
- Carbonate Complexation
of Yttrium and the Rare Earth Elements in Natural Waters
- Contamination in the
Rare-Earth ElementOrthophosphate Reference Samples
Applications
- Rare Earth Elements In
Agriculture
- Alumina Balls
- Rare
earth doped glasses for integrated optics applications
- Glass and Rare
Earth-doped for Optical Fibres
- Application of Rare
Earth Magnets in Mineral Processing
- Rare Earth Element
Enhanced Slurries for Erosion and Leaching Studies in Grassland
- Rare Earth Magnets in
Orthodontics
- Liquid–liquid extraction
- Rare earth element
oxides for tracing
sediment movement
Material Safety Data
Sheet
- USBCELL
- CeO2
- Cerium Hydrate
- Lanthanum
Aluminate
- MultiElements Standard
, Rare Earth Elements
- Neodymium Oxide
- Nickel Metal Hydride
Battery
- Uranyl Nitrate
- Praseodymium
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Properties
- The Rare Earth and
Actinoid Elements
- Rare Earth Elements in
Egyptian Granite by Instrumental Neutron Activation analysis
- Preparation,
Structural, Characteristics and Catalytic Properties of Rare Earth
Elements
- Fluorescence Properties
of As2S3 Glass Doped with Rare Earth Elements
- Magnetic properties of
carbon-coated rare-earth carbide nanocrystallites
produced by a
carbon arc method
- New Complexes of Rare
Earth Elements
with Methylsuccinic Acid
- Rare Earth
Properties
- Uptake of rare
earth elements by Dryopteris erythrosora
Functions
- The behavior of rare
earth elements in naturally and anthropogenically acidified
waters
- Differences in Behavior
among the Chlorides of Seven Rare Earth Elements Administered
Intravenously to Rats
- Rare earth elements
affecting the biological processes and yielding abilities of cultivated
crops
- Effects of the Rare
Earth Cerium on
Escherichia coli
- Effect of rare-earth
elements on nanophase evolution, crystallization behaviour and
mechanical properties in Al{Ni{R (R = La/Mischmetal) amorphous
alloys
- High Pressure Synthesis
Involving Rare Earth
- Validity of
specifically applied rare earth elements and compartmental models
for
estimating flux of undigested plant tissue residues through the
gastrointestinal tract of ruminants
Market
- High Tech
Materials
- The economic importance
of
industrial minerals
- Investments of the
Beaten Path: Rare Earth Elements
- The Quietly Expanding
Rare-Earth Market
- Rare Earth Statistics
U.S Geological Survey
- Rhenium
- The Global Economy
Decline Impact on Rare Earth
- Current Projection:
Rare Earth Hero Collides with Supply & Demand
Patent
- Liquid/Liquid
Extraction of Rare Earth values
- Recovery of rare earth
elements from sulphurous acid solution by solvent
- Process for Separation
of the Rare Earth by Solvent Extraction
- Active Optical Fibre
Doped with Rare Earth Elements
-
- Method for preparing
rare-earth halide blocks
- Extraction of Rare
Earth Elements Using Alkyl Phosphinic Acid
- Laminated Rare Earth
Structures and Method of making
- Method of separating
trivalent actinides and rare earth elements
- New Magnetic Metallic
Particles using Rare Earth Elements
- Separation of Rare
Earth Elements with High-Speed Countercurrent Chromatography
- AL-NI-rare Earth
Element Alloy Sputtering Target
Report
- Impact of Rare Earth
Elements
- Rare Earth Elements
Affecting the Biological Process and Yielding Abilities of Cultivated
Crops
- Strategic Materials
2005
- The 5th International
Conference
on Rare Earth Development and Application
- Hoidas Lake Rare
Earth Project Advances to Prefeasibility
- ISIS Experimental
Report
- Scientific Report ESF
Workshop 04-109
- Surface-structure-controlled sectoral zoning of the rare
earth elements in fluorite
- Anomolous Rare
Earth Elements in the Deep Purple and Candy Claims
- The Hydrothermal
Geochemistry of the Rare Earth Elements
- The Silent Shift to
China
- Nuclear India
- Rare Earths
Plant
- Ames Laboratory
plants
- Establishment of a
Recycling System, Friendly to Humankind and our Mother Earth
- The Santoku America,
Inc. plant
- Showa Denko K.K. Begins
Construction of Second Magnetic Alloy Plant in China
-
Suppliers &
Buyers
- RCMPA Polishing
Technologies Pvt. Ltd
- Selling leads/Company
of Rare Earths
- China Rare-earth Metal manufacturers &
suppliers
- Selling Leads of Rare
Earth Compounds
- Cerium Suppliers
- Rare Earth &
Products suppliers
- Scandium Suppliers
Guide
- Rare Earth Metals
Buyers List
- Rare Earth Metals
Buyers List -1
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