- Sulfonates
are derived from petroleum fractions, from lignin, and from fatty
oils.
- These
materials are mixtures of indeterminate or variable composition,
probably comprising one or more of the main chemical types of
sulfonates together with sulfates and other sulfur compounds, and
are made largely by empirical procedures.
- Sulfonates are used as
additive agents for metal working oil and engine oil. In this usage,
sulfonates provide special functions such as surfactant functions
and rust
prevention.
- Sulfonation
may be defined as any chemical process by which the sulfonic acid
group (SO2OH) or the corresponding salt or sulfonyl halide group
(e.g. –SO2CI) is introduced into an organic compound
- Natural petroleum
sulfonates are defined as those manufactured by sulfonation of crude
oil, crude distillates, or any portion of these distillates in which
hydrocarbons
present are not substantially different from their state in the
original crude oil.
- These natural
materials, then, are quite different from synthetic sulfonates,
which are derived most commonly from sulfonation of olefinic
polymers or alkyl aromatic
hydrocarbons.
- Calcium Petroleum
Sulphonate is Calcium salt of Sulphonic Acid made by processing
Heavy Alkaline Benzene of suitable fraction with Sulphuric Acid or
Sulphur
Trioxide and refining by liquid extraction by using suitable
alcoholic solvent and precipitating insoluble salts by control of PH
and centrifuging.
- Meta petroleum
sulfonates are widely used in the manufacture of lubricating oil
additives and greases. Recently a process has been developed for the
manufacture of superior metal petroleum sulfonates, particularly
calcium petroleum sulfonates, by the sulfonation of a highly
viscous, highly refined parafiinic oil fraction having a viscosity
of at least about 200 to 230 SUS at 210 F. and having a viscosity
index of about 85 to 100 or higher.
- Petroleum sulfonate is
mainly obtained by treating high-boiling petroleum fractions in a
stirred tank reactor (STR) or in a falling-film reactor (FFR).
Synthesis of Petroleum Sulfonate Surfactant with Ultra-Low
Interfacial Tension in Rotating Packed Bed Reactor.
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