methanol:production, processing, trade technology information

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Methanol is the simplest alcohol, containing one carbon atom. It is a colorless, tasteless liquid with a very faint odor and is commonly known as "wood alcohol." Methanol (CH3OH) is a colorless, odorless, slightly flammable liquid, also called methyl alcohol or wood alcohol. Liquid methanol can be produced from just about anything containing carbon. Potential sources include natural gas, coal, and biomass. Currently most methanol is produced from natural gas, or methane, using steam, pressure, and a catalyst. The methanol molecule has a simple chemical structure, which leads to clean combustion; reports from emissions studies, however, vary more widely for methanol than for other fuels probably because of differences among fuel blends used across the country and because vehicles may not be optimized for using methanol. Methanol, which is presently prepared from fossil-fuel-based syn-gas, can also be prepared by direct oxidative conversion of natural gas (methane) or reductive conversion of atmospheric carbon dioxide with hydrogen. The bulk of methanol is processed into formaldehyde in order to produce plastic masses, urotropine, and carbamide resins. Methane, a greenhouse gas, is also given off by decomposing vegetable matter in landfills — another source that could be tapped for methanol production. Methanol production growth may be also spurred by the introduction of new technologies implying the use of methanol to obtain gasoline and polymers. A novel atmospheric methanol measurement technique, employing selective gas-phase catalytic conversion of methanol to formaldehyde followed by detection of the formaldehyde product, has been developed and tested. In Russia, methanol is consumed mainly in the production of Formalin and synthetic rubbers, which account for 60-70% of total methanol use. Polyfuel has picked a strategy of focusing on a core part of the fuel cell market: the membrane, where fuel and air are converted into electricity. Methanol capacities in China and the Middle East are expected to double to 40 million tonnes per annum. In Iran, the increased supply from the 1.65m tonne/year Zagross facility has dampened market sentiment and put downward pressure on methanol values. Methanol has many uses including solvent, antifreeze, deicer, fuel and chemical reactant. The largest use for methanol is in the manufacture of formaldehyde. It is also used in the manufacture of other chemicals and plastics. Methanol serves as a fuel for auto racing, railroad car and truck heaters, lamps, and lighters, as well as being a denaturant for ethyl alcohol. It has excellent solvent properties and can be used as a replacement for ethanol or isopropanol in many applications.	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