- Amino acids are
molecules containing an amine group, a carboxylic acid group and a
side-chain that varies between different amino acids.
- The key elements
of an amino acid are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
- Amino acids are
critical to life, and have many functions in metabolism. One
particularly important function is to serve as the building blocks
of proteins, which are linear chains of amino acids. Amino acids can
be linked together in varying sequences to form a vast variety of
proteins.
- Twenty-two amino
acids are naturally incorporated into polypeptides and are called
proteinogenic or standard amino acids. Of these, 20 are encoded by
the universal genetic code. Nine standard amino acids are called
"essential" for humans because they cannot be created from other
compounds by the human body, and so must be taken in as food.
- When taken up
into the human body from the diet, the 22 standard amino acids
either are used to synthesize proteins and other biomolecules or are
oxidized to urea and carbon dioxide as a source of energy.
- The oxidation
pathway starts with the removal of the amino group by a transaminase,
the amino group is then fed into the urea cycle. The other product
of transamidation is a keto acid that enters the citric acid cycle.
- Amino acids are
used for a variety of applications in industry, but their main use
is as additives to animal feed. This is necessary, since many of the
bulk components of these feeds, such as soybeans, either have low
levels or lack some of the essential amino acids: Lysine, methionine,
threonine, and tryptophan are most important in the production of
these feeds.
- In this industry,
amino acids are also used to chelate metal cations in order to
improve the absorption of minerals from supplements, which may be
required to improve the health or production of these animals.
- Degradation of an
amino acid often involves deamination by moving its amino group to
alpha-ketoglutarate, forming glutamate. This process involves
transaminases, often the same as those used in amination during
synthesis.
- In many
vertebrates, the amino group is then removed through the urea cycle
and is excreted in the form of urea. However, amino acid degradation
can produce uric acid or ammonia instead. For example, serine
dehydratase converts serine to pyruvate and ammonia.
- Some amino acids
have special properties such as cysteine, that can form covalent
disulfide bonds to other cysteine residues, proline that forms a
cycle to the polypeptide backbone, and glycine that is more flexible
than other amino acids.
- Many proteins
undergo a range of posttranslational modifications, when additional
chemical groups are attached to the amino acids in proteins. Some
modifications can produce hydrophobic lipoproteins, or hydrophilic
glycoproteins.
- These type of
modification allow the reversible targeting of a protein to a
membrane. For example, the addition and removal of the fatty acid
palmitic acid to cysteine residues in some signaling proteins causes
the proteins to attach and then detach from cell membranes.
- The kinds of
amino acids determine the shape of the proteins formed. Commonly
recognized amino acids include glutamine, glycine, phenylalanine,
tryptophan, and valine. Three of those — phenylalanine, tryptophan,
and valine — are essential amino acids for humans; the others are
isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, and threonine. The
essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by the body; instead,
they must be ingested through food.
- One of the
best-known essential amino acids is tryptophan, which performs
several critical functions for people. Tryptophan helps induce
normal sleep. It helps reduce anxiety, depression, and artery spasm
risk and helps produce a stronger immune system.
- Tryptophan is
perhaps most well-known for its role in producing serotonin, which
is what gets all the press at Thanksgiving time for putting you to
sleep after the big holiday feast.
- The essential
amino acids must be ingested every day. Failure to get enough of
even one of the 10 essential amino acids can result in protein
degradation. The human body simply does not store amino acids for
later use, as it does with fats and starches. You can find amino
acids many places in nature. In fact, more than 300 have been found
in the natural world, from such diverse sources as microorganisms
and meteorites.
- Amino acid
analysis (AAA) is commonly used in proteomics and food quality
testing as a tool to discover the precise amino acid (AA) makeup of
samples.
- The various
functions supported by amino acids in the body depend upon proper
amino acid metabolism. Metabolic impairments are hidden in many
individuals. These impairments may be expressed as subtle symptoms
or overt diseases. Amino acids analysis should be considered
whenever a thorough nutritional and metabolic workup is desired for
an individual.
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General
Information
-
The Chemistry of
Amino Acids
-
Growth promoter -
foliar amino-acid preparation
-
Amino Acids &
Bodybuilding
-
Introduction to
Proteins;
Amino Acids, the Building Blocks of Proteins
-
Structure &
Properties of Amino Acids
-
What are Amino Acids?
-
Amino Acids
Company
Profiles
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Company from China 1
-
Company from China 2
-
Company from China 3
-
Company from China 4
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Company from Mumbai
-
Company from North
Carolina
Production
-
Amino Acid Production
-
Batch Production of
Amino Acids
-
A Production of Amino
acids under possible primitive earth conditions
-
Exploring the
Overproduction of Amino Acids Using the Bilevel Optimization
Framework OptKnock
-
Further Observations
on the Production of Amino Acids by
Rat-Liver Mitochondria and other Subcellular Fractions
-
The Monosodium
Glutamate Story:The Commercial Production of MSG and Other Amino
Acids
-
Amino Acids
Production from Fish Proteins Hydrolysis in
Subcritical Water
Process
- Deamination
of amino acids as a source for ammonia production in human skeletal
muscle during prolonged exercise
-
Effect of Inducible thrB Expression on Amino
Acid Production in Corynebacterium lactofermentum ATCC 21799
-
Amino acid hydrolysis: old problem, new
solutions
-
Modified Amino acid synthesis and applications
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Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation: Concept and
Application
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Methionine and total sulfur amino acid
requirements influenced by stage of production
-
Screening of amino acid salts solutions for
application in CO2 capture from flue gas.
-
Amino Acid Oxidation
and the Production
of Urea
Application
-
Alleviation of Salinity Effects on Tomato Plants by Application
of Amino Acids and Growth Regulators
-
Foliar Application of Amino Acids and
Micronutrients Enhance Performance of
Green Bean Crop under Newly Reclaimed Land Conditions
-
Amino Acid - Non-Animal Derived, Suitable for
Biopharmaceutical Applications
-
Principles Governing Amino Acid Composition of Integral Membrane
Proteins: Application to Topology Prediction
-
The role of synthetic Amino acid in
monogastric animal production
-
Therapeutic Uses of Amino Acids
-
Effect of Ringing and Amino Acids Application
on Improving Fruiting of Le Conte Pear Trees
Properties
-
Amino Acids: An
Introduction to Their Structure, Functions and Biochemical
Properties
-
Chemical Properties
of Amino Acids and Identification
of Unknown Amino Acids
-
Amino acid properties
-
Using Physicochemical
Properties of Amino Acids to
induce Graphical Models of Residue Couplings
-
Identification of
Protein Motifs Using Conserved
Amino Acid Properties and Partitioning Techniques
-
Properties of amino
acids
-
Relating
Physicochemical properties of Amino acid to variable nucleotide
substitution patterns among sites
-
Amino Acid Properties
and
Consequences of Substitutions
-
Preparation and
Surfactant Properties of Amino Acid-based
Surfactants
-
Synthesis and
Thermophysical Properties of Low Viscosity Amino Acid-Based Ionic
Liquids
Kit
-
Application Kits
-
Amino Acid-AQC kit
for determination of amino acids
-
ChiroSolv® Resolving
Kits
-
Enzyme-linked
Immunosorbent Assay Kit For D-amino Acid Oxidase Activator (DAOA)
-
Grom™ Amino Acid
Column Kits
-
L-Amino Acid
Quantitation Kit
-
Rapid Translation
system RTS Amino acid sampler for preparation of specific labelling
mixes
-
Amino Acid Starter
Kit
-
Test Kit
-
Amino Acid Analysis
for Hydrolysate Samples
MSDS
-
Amino Acid APHA for Silica
-
Calibration Standard and
Amino Acid Test Mixtur
-
Sample Diluent - Amino acid
-
20 L Amino Acid Kit
-
MSDS List
-
MassTrak™ Amino Acid Analysis Derivatization
Kit
-
Amino acid Mixture
-
Silk Amino Acids
-
Amino Acid Supplement Kit
Technology
-
Carbohydrate and Amino Acid Analysis Using 3-D
Amperometry
- Analysis of
25 underivatized amino acids in human
plasma using ion-pairing reversed-phase liquid
chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry
-
Application of paper chromatography to the estimation of some free
amino acids in tissues of the rat
-
Amino acid biotechnology
-
Determination of amino acid production rate of a
marine phytoplankton population with 13C and
gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
-
Analysis of Amino Acids by HPLC
-
Amino acids studied by Surface Enhanced Raman
Scattering
-
UPLC Amino acids analysis solutions
|
Analysis
-
Amino Acids Analysis
Urine/Plasma
-
Amino acid sequence
analysis on collagen
-
Cysteine and
Tryptophan Amino Acid Analysis of
ABRF92-AAA
-
Amino acid analysis
-
Fungal decomposition
and Amino acid analysis of mysis relica loven
-
High-Speed Amino Acid
Analysis (AAA) on
1.8 μm Reversed-Phase (RP) Columns
-
Amino Acid Analysis:
Aqueous Dimethyl Sulfoxide As Solvent
for the Ninhydrin Reaction
-
Recommendations to
improve the quality of diagnostic quatitative analysis of Amino acid
in plasma and urine using cation-exchange liquid chromatography with
post column ninhydrin reaction and detection
Product
-
N-ACETYL-L-CYSTEINE
(NAC)
-
Amino Fuel Liquid
Concentrate
-
L-GLUTAMINE 500mg 100
Capsules
-
Amino Acid Products
-
Amino Acid Powder
-
Amino Acid Standard H
Consultant
-
Consultant from
Massachusetts
-
Consultant from
California
-
Consultant from
America
-
Consultant from
USA
-
Consultant from
Iowa
-
Consultant from
New York
-
Global Consultant
Function & Study
-
Aromatic amino acid
aminotransferase activity and indole-3-acetic acid production by
associative nitrogen-fixing bacteria
-
Effect of amino acid
requirements on the growth and lactic acid production of Pediococcus
acidilactici
culture
-
Effect of some Amino
acid on the growth and L-glutamic acid fermentation by an
auxotrophic mutant Micrococcus glutamicus AB100.
-
Study on Bacterial
Isolates for Amino Acid Production: Improvement in Production of
Amino Acids of Commercial Importance
-
Numerical dating
algorithms ofamino acid racemization ratios from
continental ostracodes. Application to the Guadix-Baza Basin
(southern Spain)
-
Prediction of protein
motions from amino acid
sequence and its application to protein-protein interaction
Standard & Report
-
Report on Branched-Chain Amino Acid (BCAA)
Symposium
-
Amino acid education council
-
DDGS and Crystalline Amino Acids are Pricing
Out of Swine Diets
-
Amino Acids: A Primer The Feel 21 Health
Report
-
Naturally Occurring Amino Acid Substitutions
at Arg1174 in the Human Insulin Receptor Result in
Differential Effects on Receptor Biosynthesis and
Hybrid Formation, Leading to Discordant
Clinical Phenotypes
-
Protein and Amino acid requirements in human
nutrition
-
Trials show benefits of
amino acid balancing
-
Efficacy of the FAO Amino Acid Reference
Standard for Growth of the Weanling Rat
-
Coverage of any medical intervention discussed
in a DHP medical policy is subject to the limitations and exclusions
outlined in the member's benefit certificate.
Market
-
Global D-Amino acid
market to reach $3.7 billion , according to anew report by global
industry Analyst inc.
-
2010 European Amino
Acid Derivatives Product Line Strategy Award
-
Amino Acids Market to
Exceed $11 Billion
-
Global Amino Acids Market to Hit $11.6B by
2015
-
Global Amino Acids Market Projected to Grow at
a Healthy 6.8% Annually to 2013
-
Commercial Amino Acids
-
Estimating Amino acid requirements of broilers
using static: production and dynamic: market based analysis
-
Strong growth in commercial amino acids market
-
Russia’s Market of Amino Acids in 2008
- Amino acids
dominate growth in fermentation products
Patent
-
Amino acid derivatives
-
Amino acid compounds
-
Amino-acid iodine complex
-
Amino acid-trehalose composition
- Amino acid
transporters
-
Fructosyl amino acid oxidase
-
Excitatory amino acid antagonists
-
Alkylation of amino acids
-
Amino acid modified polypeptides
-
Highly concentrated amino acid solution
-
Recovery of amino acid
-
Metal amino acid chelate
Suppliers
-
Amino Acid
Suppliers
-
Amino Acid Sellers
-
Amino Acid Selling
leads
-
Amino Acid
Exporters
-
Amino Acid
Manufacturer & Suppliers
-
Amino Acid
Distributors
-
China Suppliers
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