Phytoplankton
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Project at a Glance Contents on the CD ROM
  • Phytoplankton are microscopic plants that live in the ocean. These small plants are very important to the ocean and to the whole planet.
  • They are at the base of the food chain. Many small fish and whales eat them. Then bigger fish eat the little fish, etc.
  • The food chain continues and at some point in time we (people) come into it when we eat the fish. So the energy of plankton becomes our energy too.
  • The name plankton comes from the Greek word planktos meaning wanderers. There are two types of plankton - phytoplankton, and zooplankton.
  • Phytoplankton are plant plankton. Zooplankton are animal plankton. Phytoplankton include seaweed and algae. Phytoplankton are mostly made up of diatoms and dinoflagellates.
  • Diatoms are microscopic, single celled plants covered by two shells that look glossy.
  • Dinoflagellates are tiny plants with white shells all over them. The shells have a whip like motion that allows the phytoplankton to move. Those are the types of phytoplankton that are in our sea and we must protect them a lot.
  • Phytoplankton live near the surface of the ocean because they need sunlight like all green plants. Also need water and nutrients to live. Phytoplankton use water and CO2 to grow, but phytoplankton still need other vitamins and minerals, like iron to survive.
  • When the surface of the ocean is cold, the deeper parts of the ocean bring these nutrients to the surface and the plankton live. But, when the surface of the ocean is warm, as in El Niño, the ocean does not bring as many of these essential nutrients and the phytoplankton die.
  • That causes a major problem because phytoplankton are at the base of the food chain. So, when the population of phytoplankton is reduced almost the entire food chain is effected.
  • When phytoplankton die they drop to the bottom of the ocean.
  • Scientists believe that the sun’s radiation in the Arctic and Antarctic is killing off many species of plankton including phytoplankton. They die because phytoplankton are extremely sensitive to the sun’s radiation.
  • Phytoplankton growth depends on the availability of carbon dioxide, sunlight, and nutrients. Phytoplankton, like land plants, require nutrients such as nitrate, phosphate, silicate, and calcium at various levels depending on the species.
  • Some phytoplankton can fix nitrogen and can grow in areas where nitrate concentrations are low. They also require trace amounts of iron which limits phytoplankton growth in large areas of the ocean because iron concentrations are very low.
  • Other factors influence phytoplankton growth rates, including water temperature and salinity, water depth, wind, and what kinds of predators are grazing on them.
  • When conditions are right, phytoplankton populations can grow explosively, a phenomenon known as a bloom. Blooms in the ocean may cover hundreds of square kilometers and are easily visible in satellite images. A bloom may last several weeks, but the life span of any individual phytoplankton is rarely more than a few days.
  • Phytoplankton are microscopic plants which obtain their energy via photosynthesis. They are important to the aquatic ecosystem because they are part of the primary producing community and assist in recycling elements such as carbon and sulphur which are required elsewhere in the community .
  • They live suspended in the water environment, and form a very important part of the freshwater community. They move via convection or wind induced currents.
  • Phytoplankton inhabits around ¾ of the Earth's surface, which has had a fundamental warming effect. The phytoplankton in the Earth's water supply absorbs a certain level of the sun's radiation which has had a slight effect on global temperatures.
  • Phytoplankton has caused global temperatures to rise between 0.1 and 0.6 degrees F, according to Science Daily.
  • Scientists in the Arctic have discovered the largest ever under-ice bloom of phytoplankton, likening the discovery to "finding the Amazon rainforest in the middle of the Mojave Desert."
  • Some benefits noticed by those using this Marine Phytoplankton as a daily superfood supplement are enhanced brain function, improved immune function, antiviral/antifungal/antibacterial effects, improved cellular repair, radiation protection, detoxification support, anti-inflammatory support, antioxidant support, improved circulation, improved heart function, allergy/asthma relief, suppression of symptoms stemming from degenerative disease, and a residual grounding energy overall.
  • When designing a microalgal production system,
    consider which species is most appropriate for the intended use (e.g., size and nutritional characteristics).
  • Also consider yield, operating costs, and reliability. Microalgal
    culture is the most expensive and technically challenging aspect of all hatchery operations. The cost of producing microalgal feed ranges from $100 to $400 per dry kilogram ($45 to $180 per pound) of microalgal biomass
    (Wikfors, 2000).
  • Algal culture accounts for about 40 percent of the cost of rearing bivalve seed to a shell length of 5 mm in a land-based hatchery (Ukeles, 1980).
General
  • Phytoplankton
  • What are Phytoplankton?
  • How to Use Phytoplankton Topically
  • Phytoplankton background
  • Plankton
  • Phytoplankton
    Identification Catalogue
  • Phytoplankton in the sea - Phytoplankton and flagellates

Technology

  • Analysis of Algal pigments by High performance liquid chromotography
  • Using HPLC pigment analysis to investigate phytoplankton taxonomy
  • An intercomparison of HPLC phytoplankton pigment methods
    using in situ samples
  • Improved HPLC method for the analysis of chlorophylls and carotenoids from marine phytoplankton
  • Does pigment composition reflect Phytoplankton community structure in differing temperature and light conditions  in a deep alpine lake

Facts

  • Incredible Phytoplankton Facts
  • Facts about phytoplankton
  • Nutrition Facts on Phytoplankton
  • Marine Phytoplankton Facts
  • Phytoplankton - The Nutritional Facts
  • Phytoplankton: Plants of the Sea

Culture

  • Phytoplankton Culture for Aquaculture Feed
  • Phytoplankton Culture Starter Guide
  • Culturing phytoplankton: overview
  • Culturing Phytoplankton
  • A Step-by-Step Guide to Culturing Phytoplankton
  • Culture your own Live Phytoplankton
  • How to culture Phytoplankton

Analysis

  • In Situ Phytoplankton Analysis: There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom
  • Microscopic and molecular methods for quantitative phytoplankton analysis
  • Qualitative Analysis
  • Analysis of Phytoplankton Pigments
  • Analysis of succession in a tropical phytoplankton community and a new measure of succession rate
  • Analysis of Phytoplankton pigments by excitation spectra of fluorescence
  • Standard Operating Procedure for Phytoplankton Analysis
  • Guidance on the quantitative analysis of phytoplankton in Freshwater Samples
  • Analysis of phytoplankton populations using pigment markers
  • Manual for Phytoplankton Sampling and Analysis in the
    Black Sea
  • Phytoplankton methods summary

Role of Phytoplankton

  • The role of phytoplankton in the carbon cycle
  • The role of phytoplankton photosynthesis in global biogeochemical cycles
  • The role of Phytoplankton
  • Role of phytoplankton in aquatic ecosystem
  • Clearing up a cloudy view of phytoplankton's role in the climate system
  • Role of Phytoplankton
  • Phytoplankton play role in global climate change
  • What is the role of phytoplankton in an aquatic ecosystem?

Products

  • FrequenSea
  • H20 Life VPure Nanno 9 Phytoplankton
  • Phytoplankton Max
  • Pure Marine Phytoplankton
  • UMAC-CORE Marine Phytoplankton
  • Oceans Alive Marine Phytoplankton
  • CoQ9 Marine Phytoplankton

Types of Phytoplankton

  • Effect of Various Types of Phytoplankton on Fertility, Egg Size and Duration of Postembryonic Growth of a Few Plankton Representatives of Cladocera (Crustacea)
  • What are Some Types of Plankton?
  • Types of Plankton in the Florida Keys
  • Types of Phytoplankton in Chesapeake & Coastal bay
  • What Are the Different Types of Phytoplankton?
  • Different types of Phytoplankton
  • Types of Phytoplankton

Project

  • Adelaide Desalination Project - Plankton Characterisation study
  • Lake phytoplankton composition metrics, including a common metric approach for use in intercalibration by all GIGs
  • Schroon Lake Phytoplankton Monitoring Project
  • Phytoplankton Classification Tool for UK Lakes
  • Development of an Automated Innovative system for the Continuous Live Feed Production in Aquaculture hatchery Units
  • Optimization of a nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton ecological model for quantifying physical and biological interactions on the Gulf of Alaska shelf
  • Temporal patterns of phytoplankton diversity on a European scale
  • Fresh Phytoplankton

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MSDS

  • Live Phytoplankton
  • Standard Operating Procedure for Phytoplankton
  • Standard operating procedure
  • Shot shell primers
  • Marinium Phytoplankton
Suppliers
  • Suppliers of Phytoplankton
  • Manufacturers of Phytoplankton
  • Selling leads of Phytoplankton
  • Supplier from Canada
  • Exporters of Phytoplankton
  • Phytoplankton Suppliers list

Consultancy

  • Consultancy from South Carolina
  • Consultancy from U.K
  • Consultancy from U.S.A
  • Online Consultancy

Turnkey service providers

  • Turnkey service providers from Chennai
  • Turnkey service providers from Karnataka
  • Turnkey service providers from U.K
  • Turnkey service providers from U.S.A
  • Turnkey service providers from Virginia

Benefits

  • Benefits of Marine Phytoplankton
  • Cost Benefit Analysis in Phytoplankton Ecophysiology
  • The Antioxidant Power and Health Benefits of Raw Whole Foods
  • Health benefits
  • Benefits of Marine Phytoplankton

Market

  • Nitrogen limitation of North Atlantic phytoplankton: analysis of physiological condition in nutrient enrichment experiments
  • Phytoplankton biomass and production in the southern North Sea
  • Phytoplankton dynamics in shelf waters around Australia
  • 3.5 million phytoplankton growing facilities
  • Huge phytoplankton bloom found under Arctic ice
  • Primary phytoplankton
    productivity in the Gullmar Fjord, Sweden

News

  • Melting Arctic 'blooms' with algae
  • A Way to Trap Carbon Deep in the Ocean
  • Phytoplankton
  • Could plankton help us tackle climate change?
  • A Kick-Start for Phytoplankton
  • Arctic bloom: Record phytoplankton growth found under Arctic ice

Report

  • Technical report - Phytoplankton
  • Iron chemistry in seawater and its relationship to phytoplankton:
    a workshop report
  • Report of the Workshop on harmful phyto-plankton that could potentially be trans-ported or introduced by ballast water
  • Biovolumes and Size-Classes of
    Phytoplankton in the Baltic Sea
  • Spatio-temporal distribution of phytoplankton pigments in Northumberland Strait
  • Water Sample Phytoplankton Count Report
  • Summary report on the quality components phytoplankton, macrophytes / phytobenthos, macrozoobenthos, fish
  • Marine Scotland Science Report
  • Huge phytoplankton bloom in ice-covered waters discovered

Research

  • A Century of Phytoplankton
    Research at Scripps
  • Marine Phytoplankton
    Research Documents
  • Application of flow cytometry in marine phytoplankton research
  • Miriam Sutton: Teacher at Sea
  • Seminar: Comb Jellyfish, Corals, and Mangroves of the Caribbean Sea
  • Phytoplankton Research
  • NCEDA phytoplankton research team on BBC news
  • Environmental Influences on Phytoplankton Growth Research Apprenticeship
  • Phytoplankton Research in Arctic May Help Determine Environmental Accident Impacts
  • Phytoplankton Population Drops 40 Percent Since 1950

Study

  • Comparison of physico-chemical parameters and phytoplankton species diversity of two perennial ponds in Sattur area, Tamil Nadu
  • A method for Phytoplankton study
  • Phytoplankton Community Ecology: The Role of Limiting Nutrients
  • Spatial variation of phytoplankton pigments along the southwest coast of India
  • Detecting Phytoplankton Community Structure from Ocean Colour
  • Study on the Phytoplankton and Seasonal Variation of Lake Simenit (Terme – Samsun, Turkey)
  • Case Study of Phytoplankton Blooms in Serangoon Harbor of Singapore
  • Marine Phytoplankton : A study on seasonal abundance and distribution
  • Major Lakes Phytoplankton Study
  • Exploring Phytoplankton Pigment Concentrations

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